Defesa química, fenologia e desempenho fotossintético de Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum (solanaceae) em seringais do noroeste paulista
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Data
2021-02-26
Autores
Santos, Alessandra Aparecida dos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo objetivou investigar os mecanismos de defesa química foliar de Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum e metabolismo fotossintético em duas áreas de cultivo de seringueira no noroeste paulista. As avaliações sobre fenologia ocorreram entre abril de 2018 e abril de 2019, as de fluorescência da clorofila a, trocas gasosas, disponibilidade hídrica (CRA e potencial hídrico foliar) em abril de 2019, as de massa seca dos órgãos em novembro de 2019, a quantificação de voláteis e α-solanina e de carboidratos ocorreram em abril e novembro de 2019 (meses de estação seca e chuvosa, respectivamente). O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso no sentido de compreender os mecanismos de defesa contra inseto galhador dessa pimenteira em duas áreas de mesma pluviosidade e temperatura, sendo um seringal antigo e maior e o outro mais jovem e menor. Foram marcadas 15 pimenteiras por área para avaliar os parâmetros metabólicos de defesa e fotossintéticos (totalizando 30 pimenteiras). O glicoalcalóide α-solanina foi extraído em solução butanólica e quantificado através de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Os voláteis foliares foram capturados pela técnica de SPME analisados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrômetro de massas. Avaliação das trocas gasosas foram feitas a partir de analisador de CO2 e vapor d’água por radiação infravermelha (Infra Red Gas Analyser – IRGA, modelo LI-6400, Li-Cor) e a fluorescência foi realizada através de fluorômetro portátil de luz modulada acoplado ao GSF 3000 sob irradiância saturante (LED-Array 3055-FL PAM-Fluorômetro).O conteúdo relativo de água foi realizado através de aparato WP4 para investigar a influência da disponibilidade de água sobre a produção de defensivos químicos entre as duas áreas. A defesa da pimenteira Cumari é apresentada neste trabalho pela produção de voláteis como heptanal, (E)-2-heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, (E)- cariofileno, do glicoalcaloide α-solanina e o açúcar trialose, relacionados com a ação de inseto galhador, disponibilidade hídrica e excesso de minerais no solo. Uma discussão sobre a fenologia reprodutiva e vegetativa desta pimenteira ao longo de um ano é oferecida.
The objective of this study is to investigate foliar defense mechanisms of Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum and photosynthetic metabolism for two years in two different rubber tree areas in northwest of São Paulo state. The evaluation over phenology occurred from april 2018 to april 2019, those ones from chlorophyll a fluorescence, gas exchanges, water availability (WRC and foliar water potential), quantification of volatiles,𝛼-solanine and carbohydrates occured in april and november of 2019 (months of dry and wet season, respectively). The design was completely random in both areas, in order to comprehend the defense mechanisms against gall insect of this pepper plant in two areas with the same conditions of pluviosity and temperature, being that one was older and wider and the other younger and smaller. Fifteen pepper plant were marked per area for assessing metabolic defense and photosynthetic parameters (totalizing 30 plants evaluated). The α-solanine glicoalkaloid was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In order to evaluate volatiles profile it was used SPME extraction followed by the analysis of its composition by gas chromatograph attached to a mass spectrometer. Gas exchange assessment was done with CO2 and H2O steam analyzer by infrared radiation (Infra Red Gas Analyser – IRGA, model LI-6400, Li-Cor), and chlorophyll a fluorescence was done by portable chlorophyll fluorometer coupled to GSF 3000 over saturating irradiance (LED-Array 3055-FL PAM-Fluorometro) The relative water content was done by W apparatus to investigate water availability influence was carried out using a WP4 apparatus to investigate the availability of water on the production of chemical pesticides between both areas. The defense of Cumari pepper is presented in this study by the production of volatiles such as heptanal, (E)-2-heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, (E)- cariofileno, the 𝛼- solanine glycoalkaloids and the sugars as trehalose, relating these variables with the act of insect, water availability and mineral excess in soil. A discussion about the reproductive and vegetative phenology of this pepper plant over a year is offered.
The objective of this study is to investigate foliar defense mechanisms of Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum and photosynthetic metabolism for two years in two different rubber tree areas in northwest of São Paulo state. The evaluation over phenology occurred from april 2018 to april 2019, those ones from chlorophyll a fluorescence, gas exchanges, water availability (WRC and foliar water potential), quantification of volatiles,𝛼-solanine and carbohydrates occured in april and november of 2019 (months of dry and wet season, respectively). The design was completely random in both areas, in order to comprehend the defense mechanisms against gall insect of this pepper plant in two areas with the same conditions of pluviosity and temperature, being that one was older and wider and the other younger and smaller. Fifteen pepper plant were marked per area for assessing metabolic defense and photosynthetic parameters (totalizing 30 plants evaluated). The α-solanine glicoalkaloid was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In order to evaluate volatiles profile it was used SPME extraction followed by the analysis of its composition by gas chromatograph attached to a mass spectrometer. Gas exchange assessment was done with CO2 and H2O steam analyzer by infrared radiation (Infra Red Gas Analyser – IRGA, model LI-6400, Li-Cor), and chlorophyll a fluorescence was done by portable chlorophyll fluorometer coupled to GSF 3000 over saturating irradiance (LED-Array 3055-FL PAM-Fluorometro) The relative water content was done by W apparatus to investigate water availability influence was carried out using a WP4 apparatus to investigate the availability of water on the production of chemical pesticides between both areas. The defense of Cumari pepper is presented in this study by the production of volatiles such as heptanal, (E)-2-heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, (E)- cariofileno, the 𝛼- solanine glycoalkaloids and the sugars as trehalose, relating these variables with the act of insect, water availability and mineral excess in soil. A discussion about the reproductive and vegetative phenology of this pepper plant over a year is offered.
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Palavras-chave
Perfil de voláteis, Glicoalcaloides, Solanina, Metabólitos especializados, Defesa, Trocas gasosas, Fluorescência da clorofila a, Pimenteira Cumari, Volatile profile, Glycoalkaloid, Specialized metabolites, Chlorophyl a fluorescence, Cumari pepper