Sofrimento psicológico em pós-graduandos: aspectos emocionais e comportamentais
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Data
2021-02-22
Autores
Zotesso, Marina Cristina
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O adoecimento na pós-graduação stricto sensu tornou-se tema recorrente de discussão pelo alto índice e registros de discentes em sofrimento psicológico, bem como pelos dados significativos de evasão na Pós-Graduação. O ambiente acadêmico engloba inúmeras variáveis estressoras, como exigências e carga horária elevada aos alunos e orientadores, competição acadêmica (seja entre alunos ou entre programas de pós-graduação), exigência de perfeccionismo e falta de perspectiva e valorização do pós-graduando. Pesquisas atuais apontam o alto número de estudantes com depressão, estresse e que cometem suicídio, bem como apresentam intenção recorrente de abandonar os estudos. Pela condição atual que o Brasil passa, de crise econômica, o número de bolsas de estudos teve queda significativa nos últimos anos, levando à necessidade de associar os estudos a uma ou mais ocupações profissionais, e concomitantemente gerando um atraso nas tarefas, baixo rendimento e exaustão dos discentes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar o acometimento e a incidência de estresse, pensamentos depressivos, percepção de suporte social e de concorrência acadêmica em estudantes de pós-graduação de três grandes universidades (USP, UNESP e UFSCar) de três cidades (São Carlos, Bauru, Marília). A pesquisa comportou uma amostra de conveniência de 189 pós-graduandos, contemplando cursos de Engenharias, Psicologia, Fonoaudiologia, Educação, Design e Ciências Sociais, que responderam a quatro instrumentos, ISSL, EPD e EPSUS-A e um questionário elaborado pela autora. Os resultados obtidos apontaram um índice de estresse superior a 50% da amostra em todos os cursos, independente da nota CAPES, evidenciando a alta competitividade acadêmica, em especial nos cursos com elevado número de publicações e manuscritos. O número de discentes que recebe suporte de agências de fomento mostrou-se extremamente baixo, bem como dos alunos que indicaram ter dedicação exclusiva à pesquisa. Os dados comparativos indicam diferenças quanto aos quesitos obtenção de bolsa, baixa desesperança e aspectos afetivos reduzidos. O adoecimento, bem como sofrimento psicológico dos pós-graduandos foi uma variável marcante dos resultados, indicando que a baixa valorização dos discentes repercute diretamente na saúde dos mesmos, bem como na produtividade, e possivelmente na vida docente iniciante. Com o estudo concluiu-se que os discentes indicam altos níveis de adoecimento e percepção da competição acadêmica entre pares, assim também o baixo suporte financeiro destinado aos mesmos para elaboração e manutenção de pesquisas interfere na produtividade científica e concomitantemente nos aspectos emocionais enquanto pós-graduando e futuros docentes. Maiores estudos, avaliando de forma prospectiva o comportamento e saúde dos pós-graduandos, bem como as novas variações comportamentais após o COVID-19 se fazem de extrema importância para orientação dos programas de pós-graduação, tais com agências de fomento, apoiando e incentivando os pesquisadores e futuros professores brasileiros.
Illness in the stricto sensu graduate program has become a recurring topic of discussion due to the high rate and records of students in psychological distress, as well as the data obtained from dropout in graduate school. The academic environment includes classes of stressors, such as demands and high workload for students and supervisors, academic competition (either between students or graduate programs), demand for perfectionism and lack of perspective and appreciation of the graduate student. Current research points to the high number of students with depression, stress and committing suicide, as well as the recurring intention to drop out of school. Due to the current condition that Brazil is going through, of economic crisis, the number of scholarships has decreased in recent years, leading to the need to associate studies with one or more professional occupations, and concomitantly generating a delay in tasks, low income and exhaustion of students. The objective of this work was to investigate the involvement and stress stress, depressive thoughts, perception of social support and scientific competition in graduate students from three major universities (USP, UNESP and UFSCar) in three cities (São Carlos, Bauru, Marília). The research included a convenience sample of 189 graduate students, covering courses in Engineering, Psychology, Speech Therapy, Education, Design and Social Sciences, which obtained four instruments, ISSL, EPD and EPSUS-A and a questionnaire prepared by the author. The results obtained showed a stress index higher than 50% of the sample in all courses, regardless of the CAPES score, showing an academic high, especially in courses with a high number of publications and manuscripts. The number of students received from funding agencies is known to be extremely low, as well as the number of students who indicated that they have exclusive dedication to research. Comparative data indicate differences in terms of obtaining a scholarship, low hopelessness and reduced affective aspects. The illness, as well as psychological distress of the graduate students was a marked variable of the results, indicating that the low valuation of the students has a direct impact on their health, as well as on productivity, and possibly on the beginning teaching life. With the study concluded that the students indicate high levels of illness and perception of academic competition among peers, so also the low financial support destined to them for the preparation and maintenance of research interferes in scientific productivity and concomitantly in the emotional aspects while post-graduating. and future teachers. Larger studies, prospective assessment of the behavior and health of graduate students, as well as new behavioral variations after COVID-19, are extremely important to guide graduate programs, such as funding agencies, supporting and encouraging Brazilian researchers and future professors.
Illness in the stricto sensu graduate program has become a recurring topic of discussion due to the high rate and records of students in psychological distress, as well as the data obtained from dropout in graduate school. The academic environment includes classes of stressors, such as demands and high workload for students and supervisors, academic competition (either between students or graduate programs), demand for perfectionism and lack of perspective and appreciation of the graduate student. Current research points to the high number of students with depression, stress and committing suicide, as well as the recurring intention to drop out of school. Due to the current condition that Brazil is going through, of economic crisis, the number of scholarships has decreased in recent years, leading to the need to associate studies with one or more professional occupations, and concomitantly generating a delay in tasks, low income and exhaustion of students. The objective of this work was to investigate the involvement and stress stress, depressive thoughts, perception of social support and scientific competition in graduate students from three major universities (USP, UNESP and UFSCar) in three cities (São Carlos, Bauru, Marília). The research included a convenience sample of 189 graduate students, covering courses in Engineering, Psychology, Speech Therapy, Education, Design and Social Sciences, which obtained four instruments, ISSL, EPD and EPSUS-A and a questionnaire prepared by the author. The results obtained showed a stress index higher than 50% of the sample in all courses, regardless of the CAPES score, showing an academic high, especially in courses with a high number of publications and manuscripts. The number of students received from funding agencies is known to be extremely low, as well as the number of students who indicated that they have exclusive dedication to research. Comparative data indicate differences in terms of obtaining a scholarship, low hopelessness and reduced affective aspects. The illness, as well as psychological distress of the graduate students was a marked variable of the results, indicating that the low valuation of the students has a direct impact on their health, as well as on productivity, and possibly on the beginning teaching life. With the study concluded that the students indicate high levels of illness and perception of academic competition among peers, so also the low financial support destined to them for the preparation and maintenance of research interferes in scientific productivity and concomitantly in the emotional aspects while post-graduating. and future teachers. Larger studies, prospective assessment of the behavior and health of graduate students, as well as new behavioral variations after COVID-19, are extremely important to guide graduate programs, such as funding agencies, supporting and encouraging Brazilian researchers and future professors.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Educação de Pós-Graduação, Sofrimento psicológico, Desempenho acadêmico., Graduate education, Psychological suffering, Academic achievement