"Fuliginoso e opaco": a introspecção em Angústia (1936), de Graciliano Ramos, sob o olhar da crítica literária
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Data
2021-04-05
Autores
Almeida, Mayara Camargo Fogaça de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O ano de 1936 foi decisivo para o escritor Graciliano Ramos: houve a publicação de seu terceiro romance, Angústia, e sua prisão em decorrência da política autoritária do regime de Getúlio Vargas. O romance trouxe a introspecção como elemento pungente de sua estrutura narrativa, pontuando outras perspectivas para os romances vindouros do autor e da literatura brasileira como um todo. Tais técnicas de composição foram aplicadas, de diferentes maneiras, nos romances S. Bernardo (1934) e Vidas secas (1938) também de autoria de Graciliano. Considerando a densidade da subjetividade em Angústia (1936), que se coloca em uma posição intermediária entre os outros romances dentro da cronologia do autor, torna-se oportuno avaliar a maneira pela qual a crítica literária lidou com o elemento fortemente psicológico. A partir do ensaio “Ficção e confissão”, de Antonio Candido, em que o crítico considera a trama como “gordurosa” e “sufocante” ao mesmo tempo em que exalta a grandiosa complexidade psicológica do romance, busca-se estabelecer um diálogo com outros textos críticos e com a própria análise de Angústia, além de considerar o contexto político e o mercado editorial dos anos 1930, para pensar a recepção crítica como um fator determinante à consolidação de Graciliano Ramos como escritor de grande prestígio na literatura brasileira.
The year of 1936 was decisive for the writer Graciliano Ramos: there was the publication of his third novel, Anguish, and his arrest as a result of the authoritarian policy of Getulio Vargas’ regime. The novel brought the introspection as a poignant element of its narrative structure, punctuating other perspectives for the author’s coming novels and Brazilian Literature as a whole. Such composition techniques were applied, in different ways, in the novels S. Bernardo (1934) and Barren lives (1938), also authored by Graciliano. Considering the density of subjectivity in Anguish (1936), which places itself in an intermediate position among the other novels within the author’s chronology, it becomes opportune to evaluate the way in which literary criticism dealt with the strongly psychological element. From the text “Fiction and confession”, by Antonio Candido, in which the critic considers the plot as “greasy” and “suffocating” while extolling the great psychological complexity of the novel, it seeks to establish a dialogue with other critical texts and with the analysis of Anguish, in addition to considering the political context and the publishing market of the 1930s, to think of critical reception as a determining factor in the consolidation of Graciliano Ramos as a writer of great prestige in Brazilian literature.
The year of 1936 was decisive for the writer Graciliano Ramos: there was the publication of his third novel, Anguish, and his arrest as a result of the authoritarian policy of Getulio Vargas’ regime. The novel brought the introspection as a poignant element of its narrative structure, punctuating other perspectives for the author’s coming novels and Brazilian Literature as a whole. Such composition techniques were applied, in different ways, in the novels S. Bernardo (1934) and Barren lives (1938), also authored by Graciliano. Considering the density of subjectivity in Anguish (1936), which places itself in an intermediate position among the other novels within the author’s chronology, it becomes opportune to evaluate the way in which literary criticism dealt with the strongly psychological element. From the text “Fiction and confession”, by Antonio Candido, in which the critic considers the plot as “greasy” and “suffocating” while extolling the great psychological complexity of the novel, it seeks to establish a dialogue with other critical texts and with the analysis of Anguish, in addition to considering the political context and the publishing market of the 1930s, to think of critical reception as a determining factor in the consolidation of Graciliano Ramos as a writer of great prestige in Brazilian literature.
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Angústia, Graciliano Ramos, Romance de 30, Romance introspectivo, Crítica literária, Anguish, 1930's novel, Introspective novel, Literary criticism