Micorrizas na cultura do milho: promoção de crescimento e maior eficiência da adubação fosfatada
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Data
2021-03-31
Autores
Buzo, Fernando de Souza
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As plantas necessitam de fósforo (P) para se desenvolverem e atingirem altas produtividades, mas a baixa disponibilidade deste nutriente nos solos e a pequena eficiência da adubação fosfatada exige que doses altas de P2O5 sejam aplicadas. Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA), em simbiose com os vegetais, promovem maior crescimento das culturas, maior absorção de água e de nutrientes, principalmente o P. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os benefícios do uso de um inoculante a base de Rhizophagus intraradices para o desenvolvimento das plantas e para aumentar a eficiência da adubação fosfatada na cultura do milho. O trabalho foi conduzido em vasos para verificar como a inoculação com FMA e a adubação fosfatada influenciam o desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de milho e o acúmulo de nutrientes na parte aérea e em campo para analisar os efeitos desses dois fatores no desenvolvimento de plantas, componentes de produção, na produtividade e nas características nutricionais do milho segunda safra irrigado por aspersão. Os tratamentos consistiram na combinação de 5 doses de P2O5 na semeadura (0; 25; 50; 75 e 100% do recomendado) com 4 doses de inoculante contendo R. intraradices (0; 60; 120 e 180 g ha-1). O experimento em vaso foi conduzido na Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso e esquema fatorial 5 x 4. O experimento em campo foi conduzido em área da Fazenda Experimental da UNESP, situada em Selvíria/MS nas safras de 2019 e 2020, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso e parcelas subdivididas, tendo as doses de P2O5 nas parcelas e as doses do inoculante nas subparcelas. Os resultados obtidos foram que a inoculação de R. intraradices beneficiou o desenvolvimento das plantas de milho e o acúmulo de alguns nutrientes na parte aérea, com potencial para proporcionar melhor aproveitamento da adubação fosfatada e incrementar a produtividade da cultura. A adubação fosfatada demonstrou benefícios no desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas de milho em doses menores do que a recomendada e não houve efeito para a produtividade de grãos. Conclui-se que em condições ambientais ótimas e em sistemas agrícolas que beneficiam a comunidade de FMA nativos, a inoculação micorrízica resulta em benefícios menos expressivos, não se tornando prática necessária. Além disso, a adubação fosfatada é essencial para o desenvolvimento, nutrição e produtividade do milho, mas os efeitos imediatos podem não ser visualizados em solos com boa fertilidade.
Plants need phosphorus to grow and achieve high yields, but the low availability of this nutrient in soils and the low efficiency of phosphate fertilization requires that high doses of P2O5 be applied. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), in symbiosis with vegetables, promote greater crop growth, greater absorption of water and nutrients, especially phosphorus. Thus, the objective of the work was to evaluate the benefits of using an inoculant based on Rhizophagus intraradices for the development of plants and to increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilization in the corn crop. The work was conducted in pots to verify how inoculation with AMF and phosphate fertilization influence the initial development of corn plants and the accumulation of nutrients in the aerial part and in the field to analyze the effects of these two factors on the development of plants, components of production, productivity and nutritional characteristics of second crop corn irrigated by sprinkler. The treatments consisted of combining 5 doses of P2O5 at sowing (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100% of the recommended) with 4 doses of inoculant containing R. intraradices (0; 60; 120 and 180 g ha-1). The pot experiment was conducted at the Engineering Faculty of Ilha Solteira, in a randomized block design and 5 x 4 factorial scheme. The field experiment was conducted in an area of UNESP's Experimental Farm, located in Selvíria / MS in the 2019 harvests. and 2020, in a randomized block design and subdivided plots, with P2O5 doses in plots and inoculant doses in subplots. Among the main conclusions, it is noteworthy that the inoculation of R. intraradices benefited the development of corn plants and the accumulation of some nutrients in the aerial part, with the potential to provide better use of phosphate fertilization and increase crop productivity. However, in optimal environmental conditions and in agricultural systems that benefit the native AMF community, mycorrhizal inoculation results in less expressive benefits. In addition, phosphate fertilization is essential for the development, nutrition and productivity of corn, but the immediate effects may not be seen in soils with good fertility.
Plants need phosphorus to grow and achieve high yields, but the low availability of this nutrient in soils and the low efficiency of phosphate fertilization requires that high doses of P2O5 be applied. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), in symbiosis with vegetables, promote greater crop growth, greater absorption of water and nutrients, especially phosphorus. Thus, the objective of the work was to evaluate the benefits of using an inoculant based on Rhizophagus intraradices for the development of plants and to increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilization in the corn crop. The work was conducted in pots to verify how inoculation with AMF and phosphate fertilization influence the initial development of corn plants and the accumulation of nutrients in the aerial part and in the field to analyze the effects of these two factors on the development of plants, components of production, productivity and nutritional characteristics of second crop corn irrigated by sprinkler. The treatments consisted of combining 5 doses of P2O5 at sowing (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100% of the recommended) with 4 doses of inoculant containing R. intraradices (0; 60; 120 and 180 g ha-1). The pot experiment was conducted at the Engineering Faculty of Ilha Solteira, in a randomized block design and 5 x 4 factorial scheme. The field experiment was conducted in an area of UNESP's Experimental Farm, located in Selvíria / MS in the 2019 harvests. and 2020, in a randomized block design and subdivided plots, with P2O5 doses in plots and inoculant doses in subplots. Among the main conclusions, it is noteworthy that the inoculation of R. intraradices benefited the development of corn plants and the accumulation of some nutrients in the aerial part, with the potential to provide better use of phosphate fertilization and increase crop productivity. However, in optimal environmental conditions and in agricultural systems that benefit the native AMF community, mycorrhizal inoculation results in less expressive benefits. In addition, phosphate fertilization is essential for the development, nutrition and productivity of corn, but the immediate effects may not be seen in soils with good fertility.
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Palavras-chave
Doses de fósforo, Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares, Inoculação, Rhizophagus intraradices, Segunda safra, Zea mays L., Phosphorus doses, Inoculation, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Second crop