Efeitos de inseticidas químico e biológicos no desenvolvimento e parasitismo de Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, 1988 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
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Data
2021-03-30
Autores
Taguti, Paula Sayuri
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cana-de-açúcar é uma das culturas de maior relevância econômica do mundo, sendo o Brasil o maior produtor. A broca da cana-de-açúcar, Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), é considerada praga-chave no Brasil. Métodos de controle biológico e químico são usados para controle das pragas mais relevantes da cultura, mas é o uso de inimigos naturais, como o parasitoide de ovos Trichogramma galloi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), que vem ganhando grande destaque na canavicultura brasileira, sendo que a associação dos métodos de controle de pragas é fundamental para o manejo integrado. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de produtos químico e biológicos na sobrevivência, no desenvolvimento e parasitismo de T. galloi em ovos de D. saccharalis. Foram avaliados os efeitos de um produto químico (Clorantraniliprole) e de cinco produtos biológicos, comerciais e produzidos em biofábricas, à base de Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae e Bacillus thuringiensis nas doses recomendadas para aplicação em campo. Além disso, foram testados água deionizada autoclavada e água + espalhante adesivo (Tween®), sendo a testemunha livre de qualquer aplicação. Avaliou-se a seletividade e a toxicidade dos produtos aos adultos de T. galloi e os efeitos residuais no parasitismo e emergência após a exposição dos sobreviventes aos produtos. Além disso, foram avaliados os efeitos dos tratamentos no desenvolvimento do parasitoide aplicando-os sobre os ovos do hospedeiro recém parasitados em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento do parasitoide (2, 4 e 6 dias - ovo, larva e pupa). Os produtos utilizados afetam T. galloi, sendo que o inseticida químico e o biológico à base de B. thuringiensis causam maior mortalidade em adultos; há o maior efeito residual para Clorantraniliprole, B. thuringiensis e B. bassiana, porém com nenhum produto mostrando-se nocivo ao parasitoide. Produtos à base de B. thuringiensis e B. bassiana afetam os estágios imaturos.
– Sugarcane is one of the crops with the greatest economic relevance worldwide, being Brazil the major producer. The sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is considered the key-pest in Brazil. Biological and chemical control are the methods used to control the most relevant sugarcane pests, but the use of natural enemies, such as the egg parasitoid Trichogramma galloi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), which is gaining great highlight in the brazilian sugarcane cultivation, being that the association of different pest control methods is very important to integrated management. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chemical and biological products in the survival, in the biological development and in the parasitism of T. galloi in eggs of D. saccharalis. We evaluated the effects of one chemical product (Chlorantraniliprole) and five commercial and biofactory-produced biological products, based on Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Bacillus thuringiensis, at the recommended dosages. In addition, autoclaved deionized water and water + surfactant (Tween® ) were tested, and the control was free from any application. We evaluated both selectivity and toxicity of the products to T. galloi adults and the residual effects in the parasitism and emmergence after exposition of the surviving insects to the products. Besides, the effects of the treatmens in the parasitoid‟s developtment were evaluated by applying them directly on pre parasitized host eggs at different parasitoid‟s immature stages (2, 4, and 6 days – egg, larva, and pupa). The products used in this study affect T. galloi, being the chemical product and the biological products based on B. thuringiensis cause higher mortality in adults, however the high residual effect is observed for Chlorantraniliprole, B. thuringiensis, and B. bassiana; however with no product proving harmful to the parasitoid. Products based on B. thunrigiensis and B. bassiana affected immature stages.
– Sugarcane is one of the crops with the greatest economic relevance worldwide, being Brazil the major producer. The sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is considered the key-pest in Brazil. Biological and chemical control are the methods used to control the most relevant sugarcane pests, but the use of natural enemies, such as the egg parasitoid Trichogramma galloi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), which is gaining great highlight in the brazilian sugarcane cultivation, being that the association of different pest control methods is very important to integrated management. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chemical and biological products in the survival, in the biological development and in the parasitism of T. galloi in eggs of D. saccharalis. We evaluated the effects of one chemical product (Chlorantraniliprole) and five commercial and biofactory-produced biological products, based on Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Bacillus thuringiensis, at the recommended dosages. In addition, autoclaved deionized water and water + surfactant (Tween® ) were tested, and the control was free from any application. We evaluated both selectivity and toxicity of the products to T. galloi adults and the residual effects in the parasitism and emmergence after exposition of the surviving insects to the products. Besides, the effects of the treatmens in the parasitoid‟s developtment were evaluated by applying them directly on pre parasitized host eggs at different parasitoid‟s immature stages (2, 4, and 6 days – egg, larva, and pupa). The products used in this study affect T. galloi, being the chemical product and the biological products based on B. thuringiensis cause higher mortality in adults, however the high residual effect is observed for Chlorantraniliprole, B. thuringiensis, and B. bassiana; however with no product proving harmful to the parasitoid. Products based on B. thunrigiensis and B. bassiana affected immature stages.
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Entomologia, Cana-de-açúcar, Inseticidas, Trichogrammatidae, Trichogramma, Broca da cana-de-açúcar, Diatraea saccharalis, Sugarcane, Sugarcane borer, Insecticides