Participação social na gestão hídrica: o papel da sociedade civil no Conselho Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do estado de São Paulo
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Data
2021-02-15
Autores
Néris, Maria Cristina Navarrete
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A governança da água no Brasil é um processo de negociação entre todos interessados, tendo na bacia hidrográfica a unidade de gestão e a descentralização como eixos estruturantes. Para que haja participação da sociedade nesse sentido, órgãos colegiados de recursos hídricos foram estabelecidos, como os Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas (CBH) e os Conselhos de Recursos Hídricos Estaduais e Nacional. A pesquisa teve por objetivo averiguar a Participação Social e sua influência nas tomadas de decisão que se dão no âmbito do CRH do estado de São Paulo, além de apurar o grau de controle social nas tomadas de decisões realizadas pelo setor “Sociedade civil” e se essa atuação ocorre de modo igualitário aos demais setores presentes. Como hipótese indagou-se que a participação da Sociedade Civil na gestão a torna mais legítima e democrática, podendo ser dificultada pela falta de paridade na composição dos colegiados, pelos interesses do poder econômico, que subjugam os interesses difusos nas tomadas de decisão e pela linguagem técnica que predomina na gestão hídrica. O trabalho se apoiou em pesquisas bibliográficas, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, por meio da investigação dos seguintes documentos: o Regimento do CRH do estado de São Paulo, as Atas das reuniões do Conselho no período de 2010 a 2020, para identificar as contribuições da “sociedade civil” e os encaminhamentos dados por suas demandas no Conselho. Aplicou-se um questionário semiestruturado aos membros atuais do CRH, de modo a identificar potenciais problemas referentes a participação social. Como resultado, ficou claro que a atuação da Sociedade Civil que possui interesses difusos a torna mais legítima e democrática, fato corroborado por meio da análise da Ata e do feedback dos respondentes. Verificou-se que o Regimento do Conselho adota um modelo de gestão tripartite, mas com poucos representantes da sociedade civil que não faz parte do segmento de usuários. Dessa forma, os interesses do poder público muitas vezes se sobrepõem aos interesses coletivos, dificultando a tomada de decisões. Verificou-se que a linguagem técnica utilizada no CRH não dificulta a participação efetiva do segmento da sociedade civil em relação aos demais segmentos. Em contrapartida, a participação da sociedade civil processa potencialidades para o legítimo processo democrático e atua no controle social, pois mesmo com as dificuldades elencadas contribui com a sua fiscalização, acompanhando as deliberações do Conselho. Conclui-se que é necessário alterar a composição do Conselho e melhorar as condições para que o segmento da sociedade civil que representa os interesses coletivos possa atuar de forma equilibrada com os demais setores nele representados.
Water governance in Brazil is a process of negotiation between all interested parties, with the hydrographic basin as the management unit and decentralization as structuring axes. In order for society to participate in this regard, collegiate bodies for water resources were established, such as the Hydrographic Basin Committees (CBH) and the State and National Water Resources Councils. The research aimed to investigate Social Participation and its influence on decision-making that take place within the scope of the CRH of the state of São Paulo, in addition to ascertaining the degree of social control in decision-making carried out by the "Civil Society" sector and whether this action takes place on an equal basis with other sectors present. As a hypothesis, it was asked that the participation of Civil Society in management makes it more legitimate and democratic, which may be hampered by the lack of parity in the composition of collegiate bodies, by the interests of economic power, which subjugate diffuse interests in decision-making and by language technique that predominates in water management. The work was supported by bibliographical research, of a qualitative and quantitative nature, through the investigation of the following documents: the Regulation of the CRH of the State of São Paulo, the Minutes of the Board meetings from 2010 to 2020, to identify the contributions of the “civil society” and the referrals given by their demands in the Council. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to current members of the CRH, in order to identify potential problems related to social participation. As a result, it was clear that the role of Civil Society, which has diffuse interests, makes it more legitimate and democratic, a fact corroborated by the analysis of the Minutes and the feedback from respondents. It was found that the Regulation of the Council adopts a tripartite management model, but with few civil society representatives that are not part of the user segment. In this way, the interests of public authorities often overlap with collective interests, making decision-making difficult. It was found that the technical language used in the CRH does not hinder the effective participation of the civil society segment in relation to other segments.On the other hand, the participation of civil society processes potentialities for the legitimate democratic process and acts in social control, as even with the listed difficulties, it contributes to its inspection, following the Council's deliberations. It is concluded that it is necessary to change the composition of the Council and improve the conditions so that the segment of civil society that represents collective interests can act in a balanced way with the other sectors represented in it.
Water governance in Brazil is a process of negotiation between all interested parties, with the hydrographic basin as the management unit and decentralization as structuring axes. In order for society to participate in this regard, collegiate bodies for water resources were established, such as the Hydrographic Basin Committees (CBH) and the State and National Water Resources Councils. The research aimed to investigate Social Participation and its influence on decision-making that take place within the scope of the CRH of the state of São Paulo, in addition to ascertaining the degree of social control in decision-making carried out by the "Civil Society" sector and whether this action takes place on an equal basis with other sectors present. As a hypothesis, it was asked that the participation of Civil Society in management makes it more legitimate and democratic, which may be hampered by the lack of parity in the composition of collegiate bodies, by the interests of economic power, which subjugate diffuse interests in decision-making and by language technique that predominates in water management. The work was supported by bibliographical research, of a qualitative and quantitative nature, through the investigation of the following documents: the Regulation of the CRH of the State of São Paulo, the Minutes of the Board meetings from 2010 to 2020, to identify the contributions of the “civil society” and the referrals given by their demands in the Council. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to current members of the CRH, in order to identify potential problems related to social participation. As a result, it was clear that the role of Civil Society, which has diffuse interests, makes it more legitimate and democratic, a fact corroborated by the analysis of the Minutes and the feedback from respondents. It was found that the Regulation of the Council adopts a tripartite management model, but with few civil society representatives that are not part of the user segment. In this way, the interests of public authorities often overlap with collective interests, making decision-making difficult. It was found that the technical language used in the CRH does not hinder the effective participation of the civil society segment in relation to other segments.On the other hand, the participation of civil society processes potentialities for the legitimate democratic process and acts in social control, as even with the listed difficulties, it contributes to its inspection, following the Council's deliberations. It is concluded that it is necessary to change the composition of the Council and improve the conditions so that the segment of civil society that represents collective interests can act in a balanced way with the other sectors represented in it.
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Palavras-chave
Governança dos Recursos Hídricos, Cidadania, Controle Social, Governance of Water Resources, Citizenship, Social control