Análise dos recursos ambientais na microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego do Boi no Noroeste Paulista, sob o enfoque da extensão rural
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Data
2021-06-11
Autores
Ferreira, Monalisa Verginia Felicio
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A gestão dos recursos hídricos em microbacias hidrográficas onde se predominam atividades agropecuárias, principalmente aquelas com base na agricultura familiar, é um desafio a ser enfrentado, e a principal ferramenta para que resultados positivos sejam alcançados é a Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural. O presente trabalho avalia a situação dos recursos hídricos na Microbacia Hidrográfica do Córrego do Boi, localizada na região Noroeste Paulista, após a execução do Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas e investimentos do Fundo Estadual de Recursos Hídricos no local. Para tanto foram realizados mapas da distribuição espacial das feições erosivas existentes na área para os anos de 2001, anterior a realização destas ações e para o anos de 2020 e posteriormente um comparativo da situação encontrada, também foram realizadas entrevistas com os agricultores irrigantes existentes na área de estudo para determinar nível de manejo da irrigação adotado por estes usuários de recursos hídricos. Com relação a situação do saneamento básico rural foi feito um levantamentos com base em dados de órgãos estaduais. Os resultados do trabalho apontam para alguns benefícios obtidos com a realização de ambos as políticas públicas no local, no entanto a área ainda sofre com muitos problemas na gestão dos recursos hídricos. Para mitigar essa situação, são propostas recomendações técnicas tanto para os usuários, mas principalmente para as entidades públicas e da sociedade civil organizada, focadas no planejamento participativo, com o intuito de capacitar, mas principalmente conscientizar, a população rural da Microbacia Hidrográfica do Córrego do Boi, com relação a utilização e conservação da água.
Management of water resources in watersheds where predominates familiar agriculture is a challenge to be faced and the main tool for achieving the positive results is the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension. This paper evaluates the situation of the water resources of Córrego do Boi basin, located at the Northwest of State of São Paulo after the execution of the State Program of Micro-basins of São Paulo (PEMH – in Portuguese ‘Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas’) and investments of the State Water Resources Fund of São Paulo (FEHIDRO). Maps of the spatial distribution of erosive features were made for the years 2001 (before the implementation of the Program’s actions) and 2020. Subsequently, the comparision of agricultural activities was carried out, mainly those based on the familiar agriculture. In addition, interviews were conducted with irrigating farmers existing in the study area to determine the level of adopted irrigation management by these users.Regarding the situation of rural sanitation, a survey was carried out based on data from state agencies.Some positive results indicated that benefits due to the implementation of public policies, although the area still presents several problems related to water management.In order to mitigate this situation, technical recommendations are proposed both for rural users, but mainly for public entities and organized civil society. The proposed actions were focused on participatory planning, for training and sustainable education, providing awareness of the rural population of the Córrego do Boi watershed for better use and conservation of water.
Management of water resources in watersheds where predominates familiar agriculture is a challenge to be faced and the main tool for achieving the positive results is the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension. This paper evaluates the situation of the water resources of Córrego do Boi basin, located at the Northwest of State of São Paulo after the execution of the State Program of Micro-basins of São Paulo (PEMH – in Portuguese ‘Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas’) and investments of the State Water Resources Fund of São Paulo (FEHIDRO). Maps of the spatial distribution of erosive features were made for the years 2001 (before the implementation of the Program’s actions) and 2020. Subsequently, the comparision of agricultural activities was carried out, mainly those based on the familiar agriculture. In addition, interviews were conducted with irrigating farmers existing in the study area to determine the level of adopted irrigation management by these users.Regarding the situation of rural sanitation, a survey was carried out based on data from state agencies.Some positive results indicated that benefits due to the implementation of public policies, although the area still presents several problems related to water management.In order to mitigate this situation, technical recommendations are proposed both for rural users, but mainly for public entities and organized civil society. The proposed actions were focused on participatory planning, for training and sustainable education, providing awareness of the rural population of the Córrego do Boi watershed for better use and conservation of water.
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Palavras-chave
Conservação de solo, Manejo da irrigação, Saneamento básico rural, Soil conservation, Irrigation management, Rural basic sanitation