Interação da água superficial e subterrânea como suporte à decisão de outorga na bacia do Rio Verde/SP (UGRHI-04)
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Data
2021-03-17
Autores
Ferreira, Laíne Garcia
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No ciclo hidrológico, parte da água é contida em superfícies naturais que dão origem aos mananciais superficiais e subterrâneos. Esses mananciais, apesar de aparentemente estarem dissociados, se inter-relacionam constituindo-se em um único recurso. Entretanto, as avaliações para gestão dos recursos hídricos têm sido realizadas sem considerar a integração das águas subterrâneas e superficiais. A justificativa para tal procedimento, se deve a dificuldade de determinar as heterogeneidades que envolvem os aquíferos e os cursos hídricos superficiais, e suas combinações, principalmente em escalas maiores. Também se deve a escassez de informação hidrogeológica, principalmente no quesito de transferência de água de um sistema para o outro e, especificamente, o impacto das retiradas de um sistema no outro. Em benefício de um uso seguro, afim de preservar o meio ambiente e evitar a escassez desse recurso vital, pesquisadores discutem a implementação de metodologias que possam contribuir com a gestão hídrica. Sendo assim, nesta dissertação de mestrado profissional propõe-se avaliar as retiradas de água superficial e subterrânea, de forma integrada, na Bacia Hidrográfica Rio Verde, pertencente à Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos do Rio Pardo – UGRHI-04. Para isso, foi necessário realizar modificações no código fonte do Modelo de Grandes Bacias – MGB, com a inserção de um algoritmo que calcula as retiradas de águas superficiais na foz concomitantes às retiradas de águas do aquífero, em todas as áreas da bacia de forma síncrona, que consiste na principal contribuição deste trabalho. Nesse sentido, diferentes cenários de usos foram simulados, um que se limita em retirar água no ano todo, e o outro, apenas no período seco (abril a outubro). Com os resultados dessas simulações, interpolou-se os valores da Q7,10 gerando as curvas de uso integrado. Essas curvas permitem visualizar os impactos das captações concomitantes sobre o fator integrante dos mananciais superficiais com os subterrâneos, ou seja, sobre a vazão mínima do rio. A partir de avaliações críticas das curvas, verificou-se que as captações conjuntas só podem ser realizadas no cenário de retiradas no período seco, e com limitações, para que o aquífero não se esgote. Deste modo, as curvas de uso integrado podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas úteis para o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos diante de análises de possíveis captações irregulares, implantações de projetos de obras hidráulicas e acompanhamento de usos mais eficientes na irrigação, já que a bacia em estudo pertence a uma região com ampla atividade agrícola.
In the hydrological cycle, part of the water is contained in natural surfaces that give rise to surface and underground springs. These sources, despite apparently being dissociated, are interrelated, constituting a single resource. However, assessments for water resources management have been carried out without considering the integration of groundwater and surface water. The justification for such a procedure is due to the difficulty in determining the heterogeneities involving aquifers and surface water courses, and their combinations, especially on larger scales. It is also due to the scarcity of hydrogeological information, mainly in terms of transferring water from one system to another and, specifically, the impact of withdrawals from one system to another. For the sake of safe use, in order to preserve the environment and avoid the scarcity of this vital resource, researchers discuss the implementation of methodologies that can contribute to water management. Thus, in this professional master's thesis, it is proposed to evaluate the removal of surface and underground water, in an integrated manner, in the Rio Verde Hydrographic Basin, belonging to the Rio Pardo Water Resources Management Unit – UGRHI-04. For this, it was necessary to make changes to the source code of the Large Basin Model - MGB, with the insertion of an algorithm that calculates the removal of surface water at the mouth concomitant with the withdrawal of water from the aquifer, in all areas of the basin in a synchronous way , which is the main contribution of this work. In this sense, different use scenarios were simulated, one limited to withdrawing water throughout the year, and the other only in the dry period (April to October). With the results of these simulations, the values of Q7,10 were interpolated, generating the integrated usage curves. These curves make it possible to visualize the impacts of concomitant abstractions on the integrating factor of surface and underground springs, that is, on the minimum flow of the river. Based on critical evaluations of the curves, it was found that joint withdrawals can only be carried out in the scenario of withdrawals in the dry period, and with limitations, so that the aquifer does not run out. In this way, the integrated use curves can be used as useful tools for the management of water resources in the face of analysis of possible irregular abstractions, implementation of hydraulic works projects and monitoring of more efficient uses in irrigation, since the basin under study belongs to a region with extensive agricultural activity.
In the hydrological cycle, part of the water is contained in natural surfaces that give rise to surface and underground springs. These sources, despite apparently being dissociated, are interrelated, constituting a single resource. However, assessments for water resources management have been carried out without considering the integration of groundwater and surface water. The justification for such a procedure is due to the difficulty in determining the heterogeneities involving aquifers and surface water courses, and their combinations, especially on larger scales. It is also due to the scarcity of hydrogeological information, mainly in terms of transferring water from one system to another and, specifically, the impact of withdrawals from one system to another. For the sake of safe use, in order to preserve the environment and avoid the scarcity of this vital resource, researchers discuss the implementation of methodologies that can contribute to water management. Thus, in this professional master's thesis, it is proposed to evaluate the removal of surface and underground water, in an integrated manner, in the Rio Verde Hydrographic Basin, belonging to the Rio Pardo Water Resources Management Unit – UGRHI-04. For this, it was necessary to make changes to the source code of the Large Basin Model - MGB, with the insertion of an algorithm that calculates the removal of surface water at the mouth concomitant with the withdrawal of water from the aquifer, in all areas of the basin in a synchronous way , which is the main contribution of this work. In this sense, different use scenarios were simulated, one limited to withdrawing water throughout the year, and the other only in the dry period (April to October). With the results of these simulations, the values of Q7,10 were interpolated, generating the integrated usage curves. These curves make it possible to visualize the impacts of concomitant abstractions on the integrating factor of surface and underground springs, that is, on the minimum flow of the river. Based on critical evaluations of the curves, it was found that joint withdrawals can only be carried out in the scenario of withdrawals in the dry period, and with limitations, so that the aquifer does not run out. In this way, the integrated use curves can be used as useful tools for the management of water resources in the face of analysis of possible irregular abstractions, implementation of hydraulic works projects and monitoring of more efficient uses in irrigation, since the basin under study belongs to a region with extensive agricultural activity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gestão integrada das águas, Modelo para grandes bacias, Curva de uso integrado, Integrated water management, Model for large basins, Integrated use curve or basin