Levantamento da agricultura irrigada por pivôs centrais e a gestão de recursos hídricos na unidade de gerenciamento de recursos hídricos do médio Paranapanema (UGRHI 17)
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Data
2021-06-25
Autores
Bertoli, João Gabriel da Costa
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No Brasil, o equipamento de irrigação mais utilizado é o pivô central, sendo o estado de São Paulo o quarto com maior quantidade de pivôs centrais instalados no país. Diretamente proporcional à expansão da agricultura irrigada é o aumento da demanda de água para irrigação. Atualmente, não existem estudos que tratam da expansão da agricultura irrigada na Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos (UGRHI) do Médio Paranapanema (UGRHI 17). Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi mapear e quantificar os pivôs centrais existentes no território da Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos do Médio Paranapanema de forma a subsidiar a definição de estratégias que envolvam a agricultura irrigada e a gestão de recursos hídricos na UGRHI 17. O mapeamento foi feito utilizando sensoriamento remoto e bases cartográficas para os anos de 1985, 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014 e 2017. Para o ano de 2019, foi elaborado um mosaico formado com imagens do satélite Sentinel 2B. Foram identificados 245 pivôs centrais na UGRHI 17, com uma área irrigada de 12.914,28 ha. Os pivôs centrais se mostraram presentes em 31 (56,36%) dos 55 municípios com área no território da UGRHI 17. Os municípios de Avaré (11,83%), Maracaí (7,75%), Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo (7,34%) e Cândido Mota (6,93%) apresentaram, respectivamente, o maior número de pivôs centrais. Os municípios com maior área irrigada foram, em ordem decrescente, Avaré (10,52%), Cândido Mota (8,60%), Maracaí (7,69%) e Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo (7,68%), podendo ser considerados polos de irrigação na UGRHI 17. Os pivôs centrais são considerados equipamentos de alta eficiência, porém podem causar impactos ambientais significativos como redução da disponibilidade hídrica, eutrofização de corpos hídricos e salinização do solo. Portando, se faz necessário um rigor no manejo dos pivôs centrais por parte dos usuários e melhorias dos instrumentos de gestão de recursos hídricos por parte dos órgãos de fiscalização e controle. O sensoriamento remoto aplicado ao acompanhamento da evolução espaço-temporal de pivôs centrais na UGRHI se mostrou de fundamental importância para a proposição de soluções para a adequada gestão de recursos hídricos na área estudada.
In Brazil, the most used irrigation equipment is the center pivot, and the state of São Paulo is the fourth with the highest number of center pivots installed in the country. Directly proportional to the expansion of irrigated agriculture is the increased demand for irrigation water. Currently, there are no studies dealing with the expansion of irrigated agriculture in the Water Resources Management Unit (UGRHI) of Médio Paranapanema (UGRHI 17). Thus, the objective of the study was to map and quantify the existing center pivots in the territory of the Médio Paranapanema Water Resources Management Unit in order to support the definition of strategies involving irrigated agriculture and water resources management in the UGRHI 17. The mapping was done using remote sensing and cartographic bases for the years 1985, 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014 and 2017. For the year 2019, a mosaic was created using images from the Sentinel 2B satellite. It was identified 245 center pivots at UGRHI 17, with an irrigated area of 12,914.28 ha. The center pivots were present in 31 (56.36%) of the 55 municipalities with an area in the territory of the UGRHI 17. The municipalities of Avaré (11.83%), Maracaí (7.75%), Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo (7.34%) and Cândido Mota (6.93%) had, respectively, the highest number of center pivots. The municipalities with the largest irrigated area were, in descending order, Avaré (10.52%), Cândido Mota (8.60%), Maracaí (7.69%) and Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo (7.68%) that can be considered irrigation poles in the UGRHI 17. The center pivots are considered highly efficient equipment, but they can cause significant environmental impacts such as reduced water availability, eutrophication of water bodies and soil salinization. Therefore, it is necessary a rigor in the management of the central pivots by the users and improvements in the water resources management instruments by the inspection and control bodies. Remote sensing applied to the monitoring of the spatiotemporal evolution of the central pivots at the UGRHI proved to be of fundamental importance for proposing solutions for the proper management of water resources in the studied area.
In Brazil, the most used irrigation equipment is the center pivot, and the state of São Paulo is the fourth with the highest number of center pivots installed in the country. Directly proportional to the expansion of irrigated agriculture is the increased demand for irrigation water. Currently, there are no studies dealing with the expansion of irrigated agriculture in the Water Resources Management Unit (UGRHI) of Médio Paranapanema (UGRHI 17). Thus, the objective of the study was to map and quantify the existing center pivots in the territory of the Médio Paranapanema Water Resources Management Unit in order to support the definition of strategies involving irrigated agriculture and water resources management in the UGRHI 17. The mapping was done using remote sensing and cartographic bases for the years 1985, 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014 and 2017. For the year 2019, a mosaic was created using images from the Sentinel 2B satellite. It was identified 245 center pivots at UGRHI 17, with an irrigated area of 12,914.28 ha. The center pivots were present in 31 (56.36%) of the 55 municipalities with an area in the territory of the UGRHI 17. The municipalities of Avaré (11.83%), Maracaí (7.75%), Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo (7.34%) and Cândido Mota (6.93%) had, respectively, the highest number of center pivots. The municipalities with the largest irrigated area were, in descending order, Avaré (10.52%), Cândido Mota (8.60%), Maracaí (7.69%) and Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo (7.68%) that can be considered irrigation poles in the UGRHI 17. The center pivots are considered highly efficient equipment, but they can cause significant environmental impacts such as reduced water availability, eutrophication of water bodies and soil salinization. Therefore, it is necessary a rigor in the management of the central pivots by the users and improvements in the water resources management instruments by the inspection and control bodies. Remote sensing applied to the monitoring of the spatiotemporal evolution of the central pivots at the UGRHI proved to be of fundamental importance for proposing solutions for the proper management of water resources in the studied area.
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Palavras-chave
Pivôs centrais, UGRHI 17, Sensoriamento remoto, Recursos hídricos, Center pivot, Remote sensing, Water resources