Nanotecnologia aplicada à aquicultura: desenvolvimento de sistemas para a formulação de dietas em peixes baseados em nanopartículas de quitosana e pcl contendo ácido ascórbico
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Data
2021-07-16
Autores
Sibaja Luis, Angelica Irasema
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A perda de nutrientes na aquicultura é um problema comum que esta indústria tem enfrentado nos últimos anos. Muitos nutrientes essenciais não são aproveitados ou não chegam nas quantidades necessárias e podem aumentar os riscos de doenças. Como é o caso do ácido ascórbico (AA), que é um macronutriente essencial para o crescimento e reprodução dos peixes. Esta vitamina é instável sob a ação de altas temperaturas, oxigênio e calor. Neste contexto, diversos métodos estão sendo desenvolvidos para melhorar a estabilidade do AA, como é o caso dos sistemas a base de polímeros sintéticos ou biodegradáveis. O presente trabalho descreve o preparo e a caracterização das nanopartículas de Policaprolactona (PCL) e quitosana (CS) carregadas com ácido ascorbico (AA), bem como os efeitos toxicológicos em zebrafish (Danio rerio), avaliando o desenvolvimento, comportamento e atividade enzimática. Ambos sistemas de nanopartículas apresentaram um tamanho médio de 314 e 303 nm, índice de polidispersão de 0.36 e 0.28, eficiência de encapsulação alta e uma boa estabilidade físico química por 90 dias. Os dois sistemas de nanopartículas bridaram proteção contra a degradação do AA exposto a um agente oxidante, comparado com o AA isolado. As CL 50 encontrados foram 330,7, 57,4 e 179,6 mg/L, para AA isolado, nanopartículas de CS e nanopartículas de PCL, respectivamente. As nanopartículas de CS e PCL carregadas com AA na concentração 50 mg/L, apresentaram menor toxicidade no desenvolvimento do zebrafish em comparação com o AA isolado na mesma concentração. O uso destes nanosistemas neste estudo foi promissor na proteção de AA, sendo que as nanopartículas de PCL contendo AA apresentaram uma menor toxicidade no zebrafish e maior proteção do AA em comparação com as nanopartículas de quitosana contendo ácido ascorbico. A nanotecnologia oferece uma nova alternativa para o uso de nutrientes na aquicultura, protegendo contra degradação e reduzindo a perda destes nutrientes, levando a um maior ganho de peso e crescimento dos peixes, tornando esta atividade sustentável
Nutrient loss in aquaculture is a common problem that this industry has faced in recent years many essential nutrients are not tapped or do not arrive in the necessary quantities and can increase the risk of disease. As is the case with ascorbic acid (AA), which is an essential macronutrient for fish growth and reproduction. This vitamin is unstable under the action of high temperatures, oxygen and heat. In this context, several methods are being developed to improve the stability of AA, as is the case with systems based on synthetic or biodegradable polymers. The present work describes the preparation and characterization of the polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CS) nanoparticles loaded with ascorbic acid (AA), as well as the toxicological effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio), evaluating the development, behavior and enzymatic activity. Both nanoparticle systems had an average size of 314 and 303 nm, polydispersity index of 0.36 and 0.28, high encapsulation efficiency and good physical chemical stability for 90 days. The two nanoparticle systems provided protection against the degradation of AA exposed to an oxidizing agent, compared to AA alone. The LC50 found were 330.7, 57.4 and 179.6 mg/L for plain AA, the CS nanoparticle formulation, and the PCL nanoparticle formulation, respectively. The CS and PCL nanoparticles loaded with AA at a concentration of 50 mg/L, showed less toxicity in the development of zebrafish compared to AA isolated at the same concentration. The use of these nanosystems in this study was promising in the protection of AA, and the PCL nanoparticles containing AA showed less toxicity in zebra fish and greater protection of AA compared to chitosan nanoparticles containing ascorbic acid. Nanotechnology offers a new alternative for the use of nutrients in aquaculture, protecting against degradation and reducing the loss of these nutrients, leading to greater weight gain and growth of fish, making this activity sustainable.
Nutrient loss in aquaculture is a common problem that this industry has faced in recent years many essential nutrients are not tapped or do not arrive in the necessary quantities and can increase the risk of disease. As is the case with ascorbic acid (AA), which is an essential macronutrient for fish growth and reproduction. This vitamin is unstable under the action of high temperatures, oxygen and heat. In this context, several methods are being developed to improve the stability of AA, as is the case with systems based on synthetic or biodegradable polymers. The present work describes the preparation and characterization of the polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CS) nanoparticles loaded with ascorbic acid (AA), as well as the toxicological effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio), evaluating the development, behavior and enzymatic activity. Both nanoparticle systems had an average size of 314 and 303 nm, polydispersity index of 0.36 and 0.28, high encapsulation efficiency and good physical chemical stability for 90 days. The two nanoparticle systems provided protection against the degradation of AA exposed to an oxidizing agent, compared to AA alone. The LC50 found were 330.7, 57.4 and 179.6 mg/L for plain AA, the CS nanoparticle formulation, and the PCL nanoparticle formulation, respectively. The CS and PCL nanoparticles loaded with AA at a concentration of 50 mg/L, showed less toxicity in the development of zebrafish compared to AA isolated at the same concentration. The use of these nanosystems in this study was promising in the protection of AA, and the PCL nanoparticles containing AA showed less toxicity in zebra fish and greater protection of AA compared to chitosan nanoparticles containing ascorbic acid. Nanotechnology offers a new alternative for the use of nutrients in aquaculture, protecting against degradation and reducing the loss of these nutrients, leading to greater weight gain and growth of fish, making this activity sustainable.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Nanopartículas, Acido ascórbico, Toxicidade, Aquicultura, Peixe-zebra, Nanoparticles, Ascorbic acid DLC