Estudo dos conceitos de eficiência energética associado à geração distribuída fotovoltaica
Data
2021-07-30
Autores
Moraes, Thiago Matheus Martins de
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil possui um dos maiores sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica do mundo, no qual cerca de 15% de toda a energia gerada no país é perdida, principalmente pelo fato dos grandes consumidores de energia estarem distantes dos centros geradores. Essas perdas podem ser reduzidas tanto pela adoção de medidas de eficiência energética, com a consequente redução da quantidade de energia transmitida, quanto por meio da implementação de sistemas de geração distribuída, especialmente o solar fotovoltaico. Com esta situação e tendo em vista os altos custos de manutenção e a necessidade de inovação na área de energia elétrica na Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá da UNESP, foi desenvolvido o projeto aqui descrito, como parte de uma iniciativa de sustentabilidade denominada Ponto Iluminado, com os objetivos de reduzir os gastos da unidade, diminuir as emissões de poluentes equivalentes da Faculdade, conscientizar a população a respeito dos conceitos de sustentabilidade e, finalmente, implementar um sistema fotovoltaico on-grid no campus universitário. A implementação deste foi precedida de uma ampla análise das cargas do campus para que ações de eficiência energética fossem aplicadas no sistema tornando-o eficiente pra receber uma central de geração fotovoltaica que supre parte da energia consumida por esse novo sistema modernizado. Assim, economizando mais de 400 mil reais entre janeiro de 2017 e junho de 2020 e reduzindo as emissões equivalentes de CO2 do campus em mais de 70 toneladas no período. Ainda, as características únicas de projeto desse sistema com cunho didático permitiram a análise de perdas, seu comportamento em diferentes condições climáticas, o estudo sobre a sensibilidade dos equipamentos de medição do inversor e a comparação entre a geração real e a prevista utilizando os métodos de cálculos presentes na literatura.
Brazil has one of the largest electricity transmission systems in the world, in which around 15% of all energy generated in the country is lost, mainly because the large energy consumers are far from the generating centres. These losses can be reduced both by adopting energy efficiency measures, with the consequent reduction in the amount of transmitted energy, and by implementing distributed generation systems, especially solar photovoltaic. With this situation and in view of the high maintenance costs and the need for innovation in the area of electricity at the School of Engineering of Guaratinguetá, UNESP, the project described here was developed, as part of a sustainability initiative called Ponto Iluminado, with the objectives of reducing the unit's expenses and it equivalent pollutant emissions, making the population aware of the concepts of sustainability and, finally, implementing an on-grid photovoltaic system on the university campus. The implementation of this was preceded by an extensive analysis of the loads on the campus so that energy efficiency actions were applied in the system, making it efficient to receive a photovoltaic generation plant that supplies part of the energy consumed by this new modernized system. Thus, saving more than 400 thousand reais between January 2017 and June 2020 and reducing the equivalent CO2 emissions from the campus by more than 70 tons in the period. Furthermore, the unique design characteristics of this didactic system allowed the analysis of losses, their behaviour under different climatic conditions, the study of the sensitivity of the inverter measurement equipment and the comparison between actual and predicted generation using the methods of calculations present in the literature.
Brazil has one of the largest electricity transmission systems in the world, in which around 15% of all energy generated in the country is lost, mainly because the large energy consumers are far from the generating centres. These losses can be reduced both by adopting energy efficiency measures, with the consequent reduction in the amount of transmitted energy, and by implementing distributed generation systems, especially solar photovoltaic. With this situation and in view of the high maintenance costs and the need for innovation in the area of electricity at the School of Engineering of Guaratinguetá, UNESP, the project described here was developed, as part of a sustainability initiative called Ponto Iluminado, with the objectives of reducing the unit's expenses and it equivalent pollutant emissions, making the population aware of the concepts of sustainability and, finally, implementing an on-grid photovoltaic system on the university campus. The implementation of this was preceded by an extensive analysis of the loads on the campus so that energy efficiency actions were applied in the system, making it efficient to receive a photovoltaic generation plant that supplies part of the energy consumed by this new modernized system. Thus, saving more than 400 thousand reais between January 2017 and June 2020 and reducing the equivalent CO2 emissions from the campus by more than 70 tons in the period. Furthermore, the unique design characteristics of this didactic system allowed the analysis of losses, their behaviour under different climatic conditions, the study of the sensitivity of the inverter measurement equipment and the comparison between actual and predicted generation using the methods of calculations present in the literature.
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Palavras-chave
Sustentabilidade, Uso racional da energia, Eficiência energética, Geração fotovoltaica on-grid, Sustainability, Rational use of energy, Energy efficiency, On-grid photovoltaic generation, Geração de energia fotovoltaica, Energia - Conservação