Manejo do solo para instalação do sistema de plantio direto no cerrado
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Data
2021-08-19
Autores
Paro, José Victor
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A inserção de novas cultivares de milho (Zea mays) de menores ciclos fenológicos durante os períodos de inverno/primavera brasileiro, faz com que surja tendência na cultura que irá sucedê-la, no caso, a soja (Glycine max) safrinha principalmente por conta de sua precocidade. Esse novo método de cultivo vem ganhando espaço no cenário nacional, pois através dele é possível a realização de até 3 safras anuais na mesma área caso exista um planejamento e cultivares adequadas ao período e região. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar os caracteres produtivos na cultura da soja semeada no período verão/outono, sobre métodos de manejo de solo. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão (FEPE) da UNESP-Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria – MS. O modelo estatístico utilizado foi blocos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro repetições e oito métodos de manejo de solo: sistema de plantio direto contínuo (SPDC), grade pesada contínua (GPC), arado de aiveca continuo sobre semeadura direta (AAC/SD), cultivo mínimo contínuo (CMC), preparo reduzido (PR), plantio direto sobre grade pesada (GP/SD), arado de aiveca contínuo (AAC) e cultivo mínimo sobre semeadura direta (CM/SD). As plantas selecionadas para realização da biometria foram escolhidas nas linhas centrais de cada parcela, sendo avaliadas 3 linhas possuindo 5 metros de comprimento cada. Foram avaliadas: População inicial e final, altura de planta e primeira vagem, diâmetro do colmo, número de ramos, quantidade de vagens por planta, massa de mil grãos , classificação de vagens e produtividade de grãos e palha. A produção de soja “safrinha” obteve resultados mais vantajosos no plantio direto sobre grade pesada.
The insertion of new corn cultivars with shorter phenological cycles durind the Brazilian winter/spring periods, causes a trendo to emerge in the crop thar will succeed it, the off-season soybean, mainly due to its precocity. This new method os cultivation has been gaining in the national scene, because through it is possible to carry out up to complete harvests in the same área if there ia a plan and cultivars exactly for the period and region. The objective of there is a plan and cultivars exactly for the period and region. The objective of this work is to evaluate the productive characters in soybean sown in the summer/ autumn period, under diferents methods of soil management. The experiment was conducted at FEPE, from FE/UNESP, in Selvíria-MS, utilizing a randomized block design with eight systems of soil management: no-till farming-25-no-till farming 25 years continuous; minimum till/no till farming-10°H- with minimal cultivation, soil plowing was made with a heavy harrow (HH/NTF-10°H) and moldboard plow (MP/NTF-10°H) both first season with these respective soil management, followed by 10 harvest seasons with NTF; continuous soil management for 10 consecutive harvests done with the heavy harrow (HH/PD 1°H), moldboard plow (MP/NTF 1°H) and minimum tillage (MT/NTF 1°H) and reduced tillage (RT/NTF 1°H.) the first harvest followed by both first harvest with no-till, and 4 treatments. The plants selected for biometrics were chosen in the central lines of each plot, being evaluated 3 lines having 5 meters in length each. Among the biometric analyzes performed the following were evaluated: Initial and final population, plant height and first pod, stem diameter, number of branches, number of pods per plant, Thousand grain mass, pod classification and grain and straw yield. Among the treatments carried out, the production of “off-season” soybean obtained more advantageous results in direct planting on heavy harrows.
The insertion of new corn cultivars with shorter phenological cycles durind the Brazilian winter/spring periods, causes a trendo to emerge in the crop thar will succeed it, the off-season soybean, mainly due to its precocity. This new method os cultivation has been gaining in the national scene, because through it is possible to carry out up to complete harvests in the same área if there ia a plan and cultivars exactly for the period and region. The objective of there is a plan and cultivars exactly for the period and region. The objective of this work is to evaluate the productive characters in soybean sown in the summer/ autumn period, under diferents methods of soil management. The experiment was conducted at FEPE, from FE/UNESP, in Selvíria-MS, utilizing a randomized block design with eight systems of soil management: no-till farming-25-no-till farming 25 years continuous; minimum till/no till farming-10°H- with minimal cultivation, soil plowing was made with a heavy harrow (HH/NTF-10°H) and moldboard plow (MP/NTF-10°H) both first season with these respective soil management, followed by 10 harvest seasons with NTF; continuous soil management for 10 consecutive harvests done with the heavy harrow (HH/PD 1°H), moldboard plow (MP/NTF 1°H) and minimum tillage (MT/NTF 1°H) and reduced tillage (RT/NTF 1°H.) the first harvest followed by both first harvest with no-till, and 4 treatments. The plants selected for biometrics were chosen in the central lines of each plot, being evaluated 3 lines having 5 meters in length each. Among the biometric analyzes performed the following were evaluated: Initial and final population, plant height and first pod, stem diameter, number of branches, number of pods per plant, Thousand grain mass, pod classification and grain and straw yield. Among the treatments carried out, the production of “off-season” soybean obtained more advantageous results in direct planting on heavy harrows.
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Palavras-chave
Glycine max, Soja safrinha, Rotação de culturas, Off-season soybean, Crop rotation