Efeito da fibra de laranja em rações extrusadas para gatos sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e os produtos de fermentação nas fezes
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Data
2021-07-08
Autores
Eugênio, Débora Alberici
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil é o segundo país com a maior população de animais de companhia, com aproximadamente 24 milhões de gatos, e esse setor pet segue crescendo a cada ano. Por consequência a indústria de pet food busca atender as necessidades dos animais e seus tutores, ao formular novos produtos, que visam saúde e bem-estar. Nesse estudo foi avaliada a fibra de laranja como um novo ingrediente com potenciais benefícios a saúde intestinal dos gatos. O objetivo da presente dissertação foi avaliar a inclusão de fibra de laranja (FL) nas quantidades de 1% e 3% da matéria original, em comparação com uma dieta controle (CO) negativo, sem adição de fontes de fibra, e duas dietas controle positivo, uma com 3% de polpa de beterraba (3%PBET) e outra com 1% de inulina (1%IN). Foram analisadas a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e produtos de fermentação nas fezes. O experimento foi conduzido com 40 gatos adultos, sem raça definida, seguindo delineamento em blocos casualizados com 4 blocos de 10 gatos, 5 rações e 2 gatos por ração em cada bloco, totalizando 8 gatos (repetições) por ração. Cada bloco incluiu 10 dias de adaptação, seguidos de 7 dias de coleta total de fezes para o ensaio de digestibilidade e 3 dias de coleta de fezes recém eliminadas para determinação dos produtos de fermentação. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise de variância em delineamentos em blocos ao acaso e comparados pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05). A ingestão de fibra dietética total (FDT) diferiu, sendo maior nos gatos alimentados com a dieta 3%FL, intermediária para 3%PBET e 1% FL, e menor para CO e 1%IN (P<0,05). O coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, gordura, amido e energia bruta não diferiu entre rações (P>0,05). O CDA da FDT foi maior para 1%FL em relação a dieta CO (P<0,05), sendo semelhante entre os demais (P>0,05). O pH e o escore fecal foram semelhantes entre os gatos alimentados com as rações experimentais (P>0,05). A produção de fezes (MN) foi maior nos gatos alimentados com 3%FL e 3%PBET que nos alimentados com 1%IN (P<0,05). Em relação aos produtos da fermentação, as concentrações fecais de acetato e o propionato foram maiores nos gatos alimentados com a ração 3%PBET, intermediários para 1% FL e 3% FL menores para CO e 1%IN (P<0,05). Quanto aos AGCC totais, maiores concentrações foram encontradas para 3%PBET e 3%FL do que para CO (P<0,05). A concentração da amina biogênica tiramina foi maior nas fezes dos gatos alimentados com 3%FL, intermediária em 1%FL e 3%PBET e menor para CO e 1%IN (P<0,05). No presente estudo a fibra de laranja foi fermentável e em até 3% de inclusão promoveu a formação tanto de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta quanto de tiramina pela microbiota intestinal, não interferindo na digestibilidade dos nutrientes.
Brazil is the second country with the largest population of pets, with approximately 24 million of cats. The petfood sector continues to grow every year. Consequently, the pet food industry seeks to meet the needs of animals and their owners, by formulating new products aiming health and well-being. In this study an orange fiber was evaluated as a new ingredient with possible benefits to intestinal health of cats. The present study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of 1% and 3% of orange fiber (OF) and compared them to a negative control diet (CO) without added fiber sources, and two positive control diets, one represented by 3% beet pulp (3% BP) and another by 1% of inulin (1% IN). The apparent digestibility of nutrients and fermentation products in feces were analyzed. The experiment was conducted with 40 adult cats, following a randomized block design with 4 blocks of 10 cats, 5 treatments and 2 cats per feed in each block, totaling 8 cats (repetitions) per treatments. Each block included 10 days of adaptation, followed by 7 days of total feces collection for the digestibility test and 3 days of freshly eliminated feces collection for determination of fermentation products. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance in a randomized block designs and compared by Tukey's test (P<0,05). Total dietary fiber (TDF) intake differed, being higher in cats fed the 3% OF diet, intermediate for 3% BP and 1% OF, and lower for CO and 1% IN (P<0,05). The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, fat, starch, and gross energy did not differ between diets (P>0,05). The TDF CTTAD was higher for 1% OF compared to the CO diet (P<0,05), being similar among the others (P>0,05). The pH and fecal score were similar among cats fed the experimental diets (P>0,05). Fecal production was higher in cats fed 3% OF and 3% BP than in those fed 1% IN (P<0,05). Regarding fermentation products, fecal concentration of acetate and propionate were higher in cats fed with 3% BP, intermediates for 1% and 3% OF, and lower for CO and 1% IN (P<0,05). As for the total SCFA, higher concentrations were found for 3% BP and 3% OF than for CO (P<0,05). The biogenic amine tyramine concentration was higher in the feces of cats fed 3% OF, intermediate in 1% OF and 3% BP and lower for CO and 1% IN (P<0,05). In the present study, orange fiber was fermentable and up to 3% of inclusion promoted the formation of both short-chain fatty acids and tyramine by the intestinal microbiota, not changing the apparent digestibility of nutrients.
Brazil is the second country with the largest population of pets, with approximately 24 million of cats. The petfood sector continues to grow every year. Consequently, the pet food industry seeks to meet the needs of animals and their owners, by formulating new products aiming health and well-being. In this study an orange fiber was evaluated as a new ingredient with possible benefits to intestinal health of cats. The present study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of 1% and 3% of orange fiber (OF) and compared them to a negative control diet (CO) without added fiber sources, and two positive control diets, one represented by 3% beet pulp (3% BP) and another by 1% of inulin (1% IN). The apparent digestibility of nutrients and fermentation products in feces were analyzed. The experiment was conducted with 40 adult cats, following a randomized block design with 4 blocks of 10 cats, 5 treatments and 2 cats per feed in each block, totaling 8 cats (repetitions) per treatments. Each block included 10 days of adaptation, followed by 7 days of total feces collection for the digestibility test and 3 days of freshly eliminated feces collection for determination of fermentation products. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance in a randomized block designs and compared by Tukey's test (P<0,05). Total dietary fiber (TDF) intake differed, being higher in cats fed the 3% OF diet, intermediate for 3% BP and 1% OF, and lower for CO and 1% IN (P<0,05). The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, fat, starch, and gross energy did not differ between diets (P>0,05). The TDF CTTAD was higher for 1% OF compared to the CO diet (P<0,05), being similar among the others (P>0,05). The pH and fecal score were similar among cats fed the experimental diets (P>0,05). Fecal production was higher in cats fed 3% OF and 3% BP than in those fed 1% IN (P<0,05). Regarding fermentation products, fecal concentration of acetate and propionate were higher in cats fed with 3% BP, intermediates for 1% and 3% OF, and lower for CO and 1% IN (P<0,05). As for the total SCFA, higher concentrations were found for 3% BP and 3% OF than for CO (P<0,05). The biogenic amine tyramine concentration was higher in the feces of cats fed 3% OF, intermediate in 1% OF and 3% BP and lower for CO and 1% IN (P<0,05). In the present study, orange fiber was fermentable and up to 3% of inclusion promoted the formation of both short-chain fatty acids and tyramine by the intestinal microbiota, not changing the apparent digestibility of nutrients.
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Palavras-chave
Gatos, Ácidos Graxos, Alimentação e rações, Intestinos Microbiologia