Caracterização da dieta de Schizodon borellii (Boulenger, 1900) (Characiformes, Anostomidae) no Refúgio Biológico de Santa Helena, rio Paraná, Brasil
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Data
2021-08-18
Autores
Fornari, Bianca Yunes
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Estudos sobre a dieta e o hábito alimentar das espécies permitem compreender sua amplitude de nicho trófico, ecologia, preferências alimentares e sua interação com o ambiente. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a dieta e o hábito alimentar de fêmeas e machos da espécie de peixe Schizodon borellii no Refúgio Biológico de Santa Helena, alto rio Paraná, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas com auxílio de redes de espera, todos os exemplares foram dissecados, tendo os estômagos retirados e fixados. Os conteúdos estomacais foram examinados sob estereomicroscópio. Os itens alimentares foram separados, identificados e tiveram o volume calculado. Diferenças na composição da dieta entre os sexos foram testadas por meio da PERMANOVA one-way. O espectro alimentar da espécie foi composto por 10 itens, variando entre vegetais, bivalves, crustáceos, detritos, fragmentos de peixes, escamas e gastrópodes, no qual machos consumiu nove itens, enquanto as fêmeas, consumiram oito itens. Assim, S. borellii foi classificada com hábito alimentar onívoro com tendência a herbivoria, devido ao predomínio de Elodea sp. e outras macrófitas em sua dieta. Tais resultados corroboram com a literatura, uma vez que anostomídeos frequentemente são classificados como onívoros. Ainda, S. borellii, possui adaptações morfológicas, nos dentes, placas faringianas e intestino, que lhes permitem aproveitar melhor essa fonte alimentar. Não houve diferenças na composição da dieta entre fêmeas e machos. Ressalta-se a ocorrência de microplásticos encontrados no estômago de três exemplares. Essa observação denota que esta Unidade de Conservação possui impactos ambientais negativos, desencadeando interferências sobre a ictiofauna. Assim, este trabalho contribui para o melhor conhecimento da ecologia trófica dessa espécie, fornecendo informações que podem ser utilizadas em futuras ações de conservação, trabalhos científicos e com o desenvolvimento da área de ecologia trófica de espécies de peixes neotropicais.
Studies about the diet and eating habits of species allow us to understand their breadth of trophic niche, ecology, food preferences and their interaction with the environment. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize the diet and feeding habits of females and males of the fish species Schizodon borellii in the Refúgio Biológico de Santa Helena upper Paraná River, Brazil. The collections were carried out with the aid of waiting nets, all the specimens were dissected, having the stomachs removed and fixed. Stomach contents were examined under a stereomicroscope. Food items were separated, identified and had the volume calculated. Differences in diet composition between sexes were tested using the one-way PERMANOVA. The food spectrum of the species consisted of 10 items, ranging from vegetables, bivalves, crustaceans, detritus, fish fragments, scales and gastropods, in which males consumed nine items, while females consumed eight items. Thus, S. borellii was classified as an omnivorous feeding habit with a tendency to herbivory, due to the predominance of Elodea sp. and other macrophytes in your diet. Such results corroborate the literature, since anostomids are often classified as omnivores. Still, S. borellii has morphological adaptations, in teeth, pharyngeal plates and intestine, which allow them to make better use of this food source. There were no differences in diet composition between females and males. It is noteworthy the occurrence of microplastics found in the stomach of three specimens. This observation indicates that this Conservation Unit has negative environmental impacts, triggering interference on the ichthyofauna. Thus, this work contributes to a better understanding of the trophic ecology of this species, providing information that can be used in future conservation actions, scientific works and with the development of the trophic ecology area of neotropical fish species.
Studies about the diet and eating habits of species allow us to understand their breadth of trophic niche, ecology, food preferences and their interaction with the environment. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize the diet and feeding habits of females and males of the fish species Schizodon borellii in the Refúgio Biológico de Santa Helena upper Paraná River, Brazil. The collections were carried out with the aid of waiting nets, all the specimens were dissected, having the stomachs removed and fixed. Stomach contents were examined under a stereomicroscope. Food items were separated, identified and had the volume calculated. Differences in diet composition between sexes were tested using the one-way PERMANOVA. The food spectrum of the species consisted of 10 items, ranging from vegetables, bivalves, crustaceans, detritus, fish fragments, scales and gastropods, in which males consumed nine items, while females consumed eight items. Thus, S. borellii was classified as an omnivorous feeding habit with a tendency to herbivory, due to the predominance of Elodea sp. and other macrophytes in your diet. Such results corroborate the literature, since anostomids are often classified as omnivores. Still, S. borellii has morphological adaptations, in teeth, pharyngeal plates and intestine, which allow them to make better use of this food source. There were no differences in diet composition between females and males. It is noteworthy the occurrence of microplastics found in the stomach of three specimens. This observation indicates that this Conservation Unit has negative environmental impacts, triggering interference on the ichthyofauna. Thus, this work contributes to a better understanding of the trophic ecology of this species, providing information that can be used in future conservation actions, scientific works and with the development of the trophic ecology area of neotropical fish species.
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Palavras-chave
Chimborê, Elodea sp., Hábito alimentar, Unidade de conservação, Reservatório de Itaipu, Plásticos, Food habit, Conservation unit, Itaipu Reservoir, Plastics