Uso das cinzas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e biossólido no manejo nutricional do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
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Data
2021-07-30
Autores
Ferreira, Tatiane Cristovam
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Essa pesquisa teve como objetivos o estudo de respostas metabólicas e fisiológicas em plantas cultivadas em sistema de ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental foi em bloco casualizados em esquema fatorial (2x4+1), sendo 9 tratamentos com incorporação de resíduo de cogeração (cinzas da queima do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, CBC) associado com o biossólido (BS) e plantas cultivadas com a adubação recomendada. Os tratamentos aplicados foram o T1(5 t ha-1 de cinza ); T2 (5 t ha-1 cinza e 2,5 t ha-1 de biossólido); T3 (5 t ha-1 de cinza e 5 t ha-1 biossólido); T4 (5 t ha-1 de cinza e 10 t ha-1 biossolido); T5 (10 t ha-1 de cinza); T6 (10 t ha-1 de cinza e 2,5 t ha-1 de biossólido); T7 (10 t ha-1 de cinza+5 biossólido); T8 (10 t ha-1 de cinza+ 10 t ha-1 biossolido) e T9 ( adubação comercial). As plantas foram avaliadas aos 35 e 70 dias após a emergência sendo medidos o conteúdo relativo de água (CRA), perda de eletrólitos, fotossíntese liquida, condutância estomática, trocas gasosas, proteínas solúveis totais, atividade das enzimas nitrato redutase, antioxidativas superóxido dismutase, catalase, peroxidase e teor de açúcares totais e parâmetros nutricionais. Também foram avaliados os teores de silício em tecidos da raiz e nos grãos. A fertilidade do solo e o teor de silício foram avaliados aos 70 dias após a incubação dos resíduos + calagem, e ao final do experimento. Ao logo do experimento foram feitas coletas da solução do solo (semanalmente), sendo medidos pH, condutividade e parâmetros nutricionais da solução. Também foi realizado o monitoramento da condutividade do solo. A avaliação global das plantas revelou que a associação dos resíduos apresentou efeito sobre o desenvolvimento das plantas, acúmulo de biomassa, produção e aporte nutricional. A doses de cinza testadas não apresentaram influência sobre a produtividade, com efeito somente para o biossólido, com uma produtividade de 1216 kg ha -1 para maior dose de biossólido. As doses de biossólido apresentaram efeito principalmente sobre as variáveis área foliar, massa seca, fotossíntese, biomassa alocada nas folhas, com uma relação crescente no estádio vegetativo e decrescente no estádio reprodutivo. As doses de cinzas apresentaram efeito principalmente sobre morfologia radicular, tendo inibido seu desenvolvimento, decorrente do seu efeito pozolânico. As doses de cinzas proporcionaram maior acúmulo de Si nos grãos, na raiz e no solo, a associação das doses também disponibilizaram um teor maior de N, P, K, Mg e Ca comparado ao tratamento com adubação comercial O uso de cinzas oriundas da cogeração de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e biossólido, alteraram parâmetros fisiológicos importantes da cultura do feijoeiro, com reflexo no seu desenvolvimento e produção vegetal, resultando no incremento para os parâmetros de altura, diâmetro do caule, área foliar e massa seca e folhas.
This research aimed to study metabolic and physiological responses in plants grown in a protected environment system. The experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial scheme (2x4+1), with 9 treatments incorporating cogeneration residue (ash from burning sugarcane bagasse, CBC) associated with biosolids (BS) and cultivated plants with the recommended fertilization. The treatments applied were T1(5 t ha-1 of ash); T2 (5 t ha-1 ash and 2.5 t ha-1 biosolids); T3 (5 t ha-1 of ash and 5 t ha-1 biosolids); T4 (5 t ha1 ash and 10 t ha-1 biosolid); T5 (10 t ha-1 ash); T6 (10 t ha-1 of ash and 2.5 t ha-1 of biosolids); T7 (10 t ha-1 ash+5 biosolids); T8 (10 t ha-1 of ash+ 10 t ha-1 biosolid) and T9 (commercial fertilization). Plants were evaluated at 35 and 70 days after emergence, measuring relative water content (RAC), electrolyte loss, liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, gas exchange, total soluble proteins, nitrate reductase enzyme activity, antioxidative superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and total sugar content and nutritional parameters. Silicon contents in root tissues and grains were also evaluated. Soil fertility and silicon content were evaluated 70 days after the incubation of residues + liming, and at the end of the experiment. During the experiment, collections of the soil solution were made (weekly), and pH, conductivity, and nutritional parameters of the solution were measured. Monitoring of soil conductivity was also carried out. The global assessment of the plants revealed that the association of residues affected plant development, biomass accumulation, production also nutritional intake. The tested ash doses did not influence the yield, with effect only for biosolids, with the produce of 1216 kg ha -1 for the highest biosolid dose. Biosolids doses are affected mainly on the variables leaf area, dry mass, photosynthesis, biomass allocated to leaves, with an increasing relationship in the vegetative stage and decreasing in the reproductive stage. Ash doses affected mainly on root morphology, having inhibited its development, due to its pozzolanic effect. The ash doses provided greater accumulation of Si in the grains, root, and soil, the combination of doses also provided a higher content of N, P, K, Mg, and Ca compared to the treatment with commercial fertilization The use of ash from cogeneration of sugarcane bagasse and biosolids, changed important physiological parameters of the bean crop, with reflection on its development and plant production, increasing the parameters of height, stem diameter, leaf area, and dry mass and leaves.
This research aimed to study metabolic and physiological responses in plants grown in a protected environment system. The experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial scheme (2x4+1), with 9 treatments incorporating cogeneration residue (ash from burning sugarcane bagasse, CBC) associated with biosolids (BS) and cultivated plants with the recommended fertilization. The treatments applied were T1(5 t ha-1 of ash); T2 (5 t ha-1 ash and 2.5 t ha-1 biosolids); T3 (5 t ha-1 of ash and 5 t ha-1 biosolids); T4 (5 t ha1 ash and 10 t ha-1 biosolid); T5 (10 t ha-1 ash); T6 (10 t ha-1 of ash and 2.5 t ha-1 of biosolids); T7 (10 t ha-1 ash+5 biosolids); T8 (10 t ha-1 of ash+ 10 t ha-1 biosolid) and T9 (commercial fertilization). Plants were evaluated at 35 and 70 days after emergence, measuring relative water content (RAC), electrolyte loss, liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, gas exchange, total soluble proteins, nitrate reductase enzyme activity, antioxidative superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and total sugar content and nutritional parameters. Silicon contents in root tissues and grains were also evaluated. Soil fertility and silicon content were evaluated 70 days after the incubation of residues + liming, and at the end of the experiment. During the experiment, collections of the soil solution were made (weekly), and pH, conductivity, and nutritional parameters of the solution were measured. Monitoring of soil conductivity was also carried out. The global assessment of the plants revealed that the association of residues affected plant development, biomass accumulation, production also nutritional intake. The tested ash doses did not influence the yield, with effect only for biosolids, with the produce of 1216 kg ha -1 for the highest biosolid dose. Biosolids doses are affected mainly on the variables leaf area, dry mass, photosynthesis, biomass allocated to leaves, with an increasing relationship in the vegetative stage and decreasing in the reproductive stage. Ash doses affected mainly on root morphology, having inhibited its development, due to its pozzolanic effect. The ash doses provided greater accumulation of Si in the grains, root, and soil, the combination of doses also provided a higher content of N, P, K, Mg, and Ca compared to the treatment with commercial fertilization The use of ash from cogeneration of sugarcane bagasse and biosolids, changed important physiological parameters of the bean crop, with reflection on its development and plant production, increasing the parameters of height, stem diameter, leaf area, and dry mass and leaves.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Nutrição mineral, Cultivos agronômicos, Resíduos agrícolas, Mineral nutrition, Agricultural waste, lodo de esgoto, Fertilidade do solo, Resíduos, Sewage sludge, Soil fertility, Residues, Cinzas de caldeira, Nutrição mineral, Silício, Biossólido, Boiler ash, Silicon, Biosolid, Mineral nutrition