Produtividade e características físico-químicas de frutos de pimentões submetidos a aplicação de sacarose e biofertilizante
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2021-10-27
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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O estado de São Paulo produziu cerca de 115.500 toneladas de pimentões em 2020. A demanda estável e valor de mercado elevado faz com que os consumidores exijam um padrão de frutos cada vez mais atraentes e com qualidade. Em hortaliças a qualidade é um padrão relativo; pois as características físicas e químicas que a determinam devem ser observadas em conjunto, visto que as práticas agronômicas podem influenciar consideravelmente estes atributos. O pimentão se destaca como uma das hortaliças amplamente cultivadas em ambiente protegido com uso de práticas inovadoras; neste trabalho utilizou-se o híbrido ‘Taurus’ com frutos de coloração vermelho intenso do tipo retangular, por ser o padrão de preferência nacional. As pulverizações com solução de sacarose têm sido empregadas como uma prática de manejo ainda carente de embasamento científico, embora tenha se tornado um manejo usual em algumas culturas. A utilização de biofertilizantes no manejo nutricional de hortaliças tem se difundido como um insumo de múltiplas finalidades, por ser rico em proteínas, vitaminas, fito-hormônios, aminoácidos e minerais. Este trabalho tem a hipótese de que a aplicação de uma solução de sacarose a 5% associada a biofertilizante potencializa a capacidade produtiva das plantas e modifica algumas características referentes à qualidade dos frutos de pimentões. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso composto por 8 tratamentos e 5 repetições, disposto em fatorial (3x2) + 2, sendo 3 (sacarose em solução 5%, sacarose pulverizada 5% e adubação foliar) x 2 (presença e ausência de Microgeo® 3%) + 2 (testemunhas – cultivadas com a fertirrigação recomendada para a cultura). As características avaliadas em cada uma das colheitas foram número médio de frutos colhidos por planta, massa fresca de frutos, produção em kg por planta, pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, ratio, açúcar redutor, e concentração de minerais na polpa dos frutos. Duas aplicações de sacarose pulverizada a 5% associada ao biofertilizante a 3% contribuem para o aumento da massa fresca e proporcionam o aumento dos níveis de acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis e ratio, promovendo também um aumento de produção, maior teor de açúcares redutores e elevação da concentração de nitrogênio, potássio, boro, cobre e zinco nos frutos de pimentão.
The state of São Paulo produced about 115,500 tons of sweet peppers in 2020. The stable demand and high market value make consumers demand an increasingly attractive and quality fruit standard. In vegetables the quality is a relative standard; because the physical characteristics and the areas that a given must be observed together, as agronomic practices can affect these attributes. The sweet pepper stands out as one of the vegetables widely cultivated in a protected environment using innovative practices; In this work, the hybrid 'Taurus' was used with fruits of intense red coloring of the rectangular type, as it is the standard of national preference. Sprays with sucrose solution have been used as a management practice that still lacks scientific basis, although it has become a common management in some cultures. The use of biofertilizers in the nutritional management of vegetables has become widespread as a multipurpose input, as it is rich in proteins, vitamins, phytohormones, amino acids and minerals. This work has the hypothesis that the application of a 5% sucrose solution associated with biofertilizer enhances the productive capacity of the plants and modifies some characteristics related to the quality of the sweet pepper fruits. The experimental design used was a randomized block consisting of 8 treatments and 5 replications, arranged in a factorial (3 x 2) +2, being 3 (sucrose in 5% solution, sprayed sucrose 5% and foliar fertilization) x 2 (presence and absence of Microgeo® 3%) + 2 (controls - cultivated with the recommended fertigation for the culture). The characteristics evaluated in each of the harvests were average number of harvested fruits per plant, fresh fruit mass, production in kg per plant, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio, reducing sugar, and minerals concentration in the fruit pulp. Two applications of sprayed sucrose at 5% associated with biofertilizer at 3% contribute to the increase in fresh mass and provide an increase in the levels of titratable acidity, soluble solids and ratio, also promoting an increase in production, a higher content of reducing sugars and an increase of the concentration of nitrogen, potassium, boron, copper and zinc in sweet pepper fruits.
The state of São Paulo produced about 115,500 tons of sweet peppers in 2020. The stable demand and high market value make consumers demand an increasingly attractive and quality fruit standard. In vegetables the quality is a relative standard; because the physical characteristics and the areas that a given must be observed together, as agronomic practices can affect these attributes. The sweet pepper stands out as one of the vegetables widely cultivated in a protected environment using innovative practices; In this work, the hybrid 'Taurus' was used with fruits of intense red coloring of the rectangular type, as it is the standard of national preference. Sprays with sucrose solution have been used as a management practice that still lacks scientific basis, although it has become a common management in some cultures. The use of biofertilizers in the nutritional management of vegetables has become widespread as a multipurpose input, as it is rich in proteins, vitamins, phytohormones, amino acids and minerals. This work has the hypothesis that the application of a 5% sucrose solution associated with biofertilizer enhances the productive capacity of the plants and modifies some characteristics related to the quality of the sweet pepper fruits. The experimental design used was a randomized block consisting of 8 treatments and 5 replications, arranged in a factorial (3 x 2) +2, being 3 (sucrose in 5% solution, sprayed sucrose 5% and foliar fertilization) x 2 (presence and absence of Microgeo® 3%) + 2 (controls - cultivated with the recommended fertigation for the culture). The characteristics evaluated in each of the harvests were average number of harvested fruits per plant, fresh fruit mass, production in kg per plant, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio, reducing sugar, and minerals concentration in the fruit pulp. Two applications of sprayed sucrose at 5% associated with biofertilizer at 3% contribute to the increase in fresh mass and provide an increase in the levels of titratable acidity, soluble solids and ratio, also promoting an increase in production, a higher content of reducing sugars and an increase of the concentration of nitrogen, potassium, boron, copper and zinc in sweet pepper fruits.
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Açúcares, Massa fresca, Sólidos solúveis, Acidez titulável, Capsicum annuum L., Sugars, Fresh mass, Soluble solids, Titratable acidity