Análise de políticas públicas e orçamentárias voltadas ao manejo de resíduos sólidos em município de pequeno porte
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Data
2021-11-30
Autores
Merloto, Murilo Cesar
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A gestão sustentável de resíduos sólidos em âmbito municipal se tornou um grande desafio para a sociedade contemporânea. Os custos atrelados ao tema nos países em desenvolvimento dificilmente possuem uma arrecadação específica para atendimento e quando existe, é pequena, o que gera um déficit. Em países desenvolvidos, prevalece a cobrança variável pelos serviços, demonstrando adequação ambiental e entendimento social da população, resultando em maior qualidade de vida. O presente trabalho busca relacionar a influência e impacto econômico da rotina operacional, legislações, arrecadações e custos totais do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos em município de pequeno porte, no cenário brasileiro. Foram avaliadas 11 diferentes categorias de análise de resíduos e serviços relacionados para um município de cerca de 36 mil habitantes no período de 2017 a 2020. Ainda, foram projetados os custos com base no atendimento completo à legislação nacional, considerada bastante avançada e alinhada às questões de hierarquia de gestão de resíduos sólidos adotadas mundialmente. Os resultados mostram que os custos da gestão dos resíduos sólidos exercem significante impacto orçamentário anual no município estudado, com valor mínimo de 1,60%, no cenário atual. Sem qualquer outra providência, chegaria em 7,48% do orçamento municipal no cenário futuro de atendimento à legislação. Verifica-se que os custos encontrados para o atendimento à legislação aumentam as despesas de R$ 111,50 para R$ 237,40 habitante/ano, valor 72,37% acima da média nacional. Alternativas para resolver ou ao menos atenuar o problema são propostas, como a busca contínua da melhora da eficiência dos serviços prestados, novos tipos de captação de recursos financeiros, aumento da fiscalização e, inclusive, um novo tributo para custear, no mínimo, as atividades relacionadas aos resíduos sólidos domiciliares (R$ 45,70 habitante/ano).
8 Abstract Sustainable solid waste management at the municipal level has become a major challenge for contemporary society. In developing countries, the question of costs is complex since charges for collection are small, even where they exist, so that the service runs at a loss. In developed countries, a variable charge for services is common, demonstrating environmentally-appropriate approaches that include a socially-integrated understanding of the population, resulting in better overall life quality. The current study reports the influence and economic impact of the operational routine, legislation, collections, and total solid waste management costs in a small Brazilian town. Eleven different types of waste and related services were evaluated for a municipality of some 36,000 inhabitants from 2017 to 2020. Costs were also projected based on full compliance with national legislation, which is considered advanced and compatible with solid waste management hierarchy solutions adopted worldwide. Results show that solid waste management costs have a significant annual budgetary impact in the municipality studied, with a minimum value of 1.60%, under the current operational scenario, and would reach 7.48% of the municipal budget under a future scenario of full legislative compliance. It appears that the costs required to comply fully with the legislation would increase expenses from R$ 111.50 to R$ 237.40 inhabitant/year, an amount 72.37% above the national average. Alternatives to solve, or at least alleviate, the problem are proposed, such as the continuous search for means to improve the efficiency of the services provided, new types of fundraising, increased inspection and even a new tax to fund, at least, the activities related to domestic solid waste (R$ 45.70 inhabitant/year).
8 Abstract Sustainable solid waste management at the municipal level has become a major challenge for contemporary society. In developing countries, the question of costs is complex since charges for collection are small, even where they exist, so that the service runs at a loss. In developed countries, a variable charge for services is common, demonstrating environmentally-appropriate approaches that include a socially-integrated understanding of the population, resulting in better overall life quality. The current study reports the influence and economic impact of the operational routine, legislation, collections, and total solid waste management costs in a small Brazilian town. Eleven different types of waste and related services were evaluated for a municipality of some 36,000 inhabitants from 2017 to 2020. Costs were also projected based on full compliance with national legislation, which is considered advanced and compatible with solid waste management hierarchy solutions adopted worldwide. Results show that solid waste management costs have a significant annual budgetary impact in the municipality studied, with a minimum value of 1.60%, under the current operational scenario, and would reach 7.48% of the municipal budget under a future scenario of full legislative compliance. It appears that the costs required to comply fully with the legislation would increase expenses from R$ 111.50 to R$ 237.40 inhabitant/year, an amount 72.37% above the national average. Alternatives to solve, or at least alleviate, the problem are proposed, such as the continuous search for means to improve the efficiency of the services provided, new types of fundraising, increased inspection and even a new tax to fund, at least, the activities related to domestic solid waste (R$ 45.70 inhabitant/year).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Municípios de pequeno porte, Resíduos sólidos, Gestão municipal, Custos municipais, Small municipality, Solid wast, Municipal management, Municipal costs