Análise dos dados de necropsia de toninhas, Pontoporia blainvillei ao longo do litoral de São Paulo, Brasil
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Data
2022-01-21
Autores
Souza, Larissa Gonçalves de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Ao longo dos anos vem sendo observado a forma nociva que pode ser a interação cetáceo-pesca, principalmente o bycatch, a pesca acidental de animais não alvos, onde eles são normalmente descartados de volta ao mar. A toninha (Pontoporia blainvillei) é uma das espécies de cetáceos mais afetadas com a pesca acidental sendo analisados ao longo dos anos, no decorrer de toda a sua distribuição, além de possuírem uma baixa efetividade de reprodução, fazendo com que elas se encontram em listas de espécies ameaçadas nacionais e internacionais. A captura acidental é insustentável o que demanda urgentes medidas de manejo e conservação da espécie. Dessa forma esse trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os dados de necropsia de Pontoporia blainvillei ao longo de todo litoral paulista, no período de 21 de agosto de 2019 à 15 de fevereiro de 2021. Um total de 179 animais, sendo machos e fêmeas com as maturidades sexuais de adulto a feto foram coletados pelos Institutos responsáveis por suas respectivas áreas, o quais foram estudados quanto aos locais de maiores ocorrências, a causa mortis e se esses animais apresentam marcas de interação com a pesca. Apesar dos níveis de decomposição dificultar a análise dos 179 animais estudados 95 (53,07%) deles tiveram ocorrência de interação com a pesca e 49 (27,37%) puderam ser determinados a causa mortis como antropogênica. A região de abrangência do Instituto Biopesca foi o local de maior número de necropsias realizadas 36 (20,11%), sendo Itanhaém, a cidade com maior número de ocorrências. As maiores ocorrências de toninhas foi na primavera com 61,45% dos indivíduos totais, não havendo ocorrência no outono. Foi possível observar a necessidade de um manejo de artefatos de pesca nas quais diminuam as mortes das toninhas (Pontoporia blainvillei) mas que também não prejudiquem os pescadores já que a pesca também é uma prática de subsistência comum no litoral de São Paulo.
Over the years it has been observed how harmful the cetacean-fishery interaction can be, especially enbycatch, the incidental fishing of non-target animals, where they are usually discarded back into the sea. The franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) is one of the cetacean species most affected by bycatch being analyzed over the years throughout its distribution, in addition to having a low reproductive effectiveness, making them on national and international endangered species lists. The accidental capture is unsustainable, which demands urgent measures for the management and conservation of the species. Thus, this study aimed to study the necropsy data of Pontoporia blainvillei along the entire coast of São Paulo state, from August 21, 2019 to February 15, 2021. A total of 179 animals, being males and females with sexual maturities from adult to fetus were collected by the Institutes responsible for their respective areas, which were studied as to the locations of greater occurrences, the cause of death and whether these animals present marks of interaction with fishing. Although the decomposition levels made the analysis of the 179 animals studied difficult, 95 (53.07%) of them had occurrence of interaction with fishing and 49 (27.37%) could be determined as anthropogenic. The region covered by the Biopesca Institute was the place with the highest number of necropsies performed 36 (20.11%), being Itanhaém the city with the highest number of occurrences. The highest occurrences of franciscana were in the spring with 61.45% of the total individuals, with no occurrences in the fall. It was possible to observe the need for a management of fishing gears in order to reduce the deaths of franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) but also not to harm the fishermen, since fishing is also a common subsistence practice on the coast of São Paulo.
Over the years it has been observed how harmful the cetacean-fishery interaction can be, especially enbycatch, the incidental fishing of non-target animals, where they are usually discarded back into the sea. The franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) is one of the cetacean species most affected by bycatch being analyzed over the years throughout its distribution, in addition to having a low reproductive effectiveness, making them on national and international endangered species lists. The accidental capture is unsustainable, which demands urgent measures for the management and conservation of the species. Thus, this study aimed to study the necropsy data of Pontoporia blainvillei along the entire coast of São Paulo state, from August 21, 2019 to February 15, 2021. A total of 179 animals, being males and females with sexual maturities from adult to fetus were collected by the Institutes responsible for their respective areas, which were studied as to the locations of greater occurrences, the cause of death and whether these animals present marks of interaction with fishing. Although the decomposition levels made the analysis of the 179 animals studied difficult, 95 (53.07%) of them had occurrence of interaction with fishing and 49 (27.37%) could be determined as anthropogenic. The region covered by the Biopesca Institute was the place with the highest number of necropsies performed 36 (20.11%), being Itanhaém the city with the highest number of occurrences. The highest occurrences of franciscana were in the spring with 61.45% of the total individuals, with no occurrences in the fall. It was possible to observe the need for a management of fishing gears in order to reduce the deaths of franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) but also not to harm the fishermen, since fishing is also a common subsistence practice on the coast of São Paulo.
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Palavras-chave
Toninha, Pontoporia blainvillei, Bycatch, Pesca, São Paulo (Estado)