Leishmanioses em animais de produção: uma revisão bibliográfica
Carregando...
Data
2022-02
Autores
Maciel, Carla Mariana Castilho
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Resumo
Os protozoários do gênero Leishmania, são parasitos que causam as leishmanioses, sendo estas, doenças que acometem tanto o homem quanto animais domésticos, de produção e silvestres. As leishmanioses são divididas em dois tipos: a Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) ou calazar e a Leishmaniose Tegumentar (LT). Os vetores destas doenças são insetos dípteros, da família Psychodidae e da subfamília Phlebotominae, conhecidos como flebotomineos. Os machos são fitófagos, já as fêmeas são hematófagas, podendo se alimentar também de seiva bruta. No Brasil, o Lutzomyia longipalpis é o principal vetor da LV enquanto que existem seis espécies, sendo elas Lutzomyia flaviscutellata, Lutzomyia whitmani, Lutzomyia umbratilis, Lutzomyia intermedia, Lutzomyia wellcomei e Lutzomyia migonei como os principais vetores da LT. No ciclo da LV tanto da LT, o protozoário apresenta a forma promastigota no vetor e a forma amastigota no hospedeiro, que por sua vez, é fagocitada por macrófagos. Nos animais de produção,as espécies de leishmania já encontradas são: Leishmania infantum, Leishmania spp, Leishmania chagasi, Leishmania braziliensis e Leishmania donovani. O cão é o principal reservatório doméstico da LV, por conta do alto grau de parasitismo encontrado na pele em comparação com os humanos. Os principais fatores de ocorrência de LV em áreas urbanas são: a presença de matéria orgânica, acúmulo de lixo e falta de saneamento básico, e que juntos, favorecem um ambiente propício para a reprodução e a manutenção dos flebotomíneos. Já na LT roedores, marsupiais silvestres e animais domésticos são considerados reservatórios para os parasitas. Os locais de preferência dos vetores são as matas, os domicílios, e em áreas vegetação nativa destruída.
The protozoa of the genus Leishmania are parasites that cause leishmaniasis, which are diseases that affect both humans and domestic, production and wild animals. Leishmaniasis is strong in two types: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar and Leishmaniasis (LT). The vectors of these diseases are dipteran insects of the Psychodidae family and the Phlebotominae subfamily, known as sandflies. The males are phytophagous, while the females are hematophagous, and can also feed on raw sap. In Brazil, Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of VL while there are six species, namely Lutzomyia flaviscutellata, Lutzomyia whitmani, Lutzomyia umbratilis, Lutzomyia intermedia, Lutzomyia wellcomei and Lutzomyia migonei as the main vectors of TL. In the LV and LT cycle, the protozoan has the promastigote form in the vector and the amastigote form in the host, which in turn is phagocytosed by macrophages. In farm animals such as Leishmania species, some studies are Leishmania. infantum, Leishmania spp, Leishmania chagasi, Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania donovani. The dog is the main domestic reservoir of VL, due to the high degree of parasitism found on the skin compared to humans. The main factors of urban VL occurrence in areas are: the presence of organic matter, garbage accumulation and lack of basic sanitation, which together, favor an environment conducive to the reproduction and maintenance of sandflies. In the LT, rodents, wild marsupials and considered animals are considered as reference for the parasites. The preferred locations of the vectors are the domestic forests, and in native areas of the destroyed damages.
The protozoa of the genus Leishmania are parasites that cause leishmaniasis, which are diseases that affect both humans and domestic, production and wild animals. Leishmaniasis is strong in two types: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar and Leishmaniasis (LT). The vectors of these diseases are dipteran insects of the Psychodidae family and the Phlebotominae subfamily, known as sandflies. The males are phytophagous, while the females are hematophagous, and can also feed on raw sap. In Brazil, Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of VL while there are six species, namely Lutzomyia flaviscutellata, Lutzomyia whitmani, Lutzomyia umbratilis, Lutzomyia intermedia, Lutzomyia wellcomei and Lutzomyia migonei as the main vectors of TL. In the LV and LT cycle, the protozoan has the promastigote form in the vector and the amastigote form in the host, which in turn is phagocytosed by macrophages. In farm animals such as Leishmania species, some studies are Leishmania. infantum, Leishmania spp, Leishmania chagasi, Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania donovani. The dog is the main domestic reservoir of VL, due to the high degree of parasitism found on the skin compared to humans. The main factors of urban VL occurrence in areas are: the presence of organic matter, garbage accumulation and lack of basic sanitation, which together, favor an environment conducive to the reproduction and maintenance of sandflies. In the LT, rodents, wild marsupials and considered animals are considered as reference for the parasites. The preferred locations of the vectors are the domestic forests, and in native areas of the destroyed damages.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Flebotomíneos, Leishmaniose, Animais de produção, Sandflies, Leishmaniasis, Production animals