Desempenho agronômico e fitoquímico de variedades de lúpulo produzidas em condições tropicais sob manejo orgânico e convencional
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2021-10-20
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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O lúpulo é uma planta com vários compostos químicos já conhecidos e usados por diversas indústrias como a farmacêutica e cosmética, porém o seu uso é quase que exclusivamente voltado para o mercado cervejeiro. Os compostos químicos de interesse no lúpulo como os ácidos amargos e compostos voláteis estão nas glândulas lupulínicas presentes nos cones (inflorescência). Além dos fatores genéticos e idade da planta, as condições ambientais e de manejo irão influenciar na produção de cones e teores destes compostos bioativos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e fitoquímico de cinco variedades de lúpulo cultivadas sob manejo orgânico e convencional. O experimento foi implantado no “Pomar Didático”, da FCA da UNESP – Botucatu, em novembro de 2018, sendo avaliado nesse trabalho apenas o 2° ano de produção. Foi adotado o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 4 blocos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas 2x5, tendo como fator principal os sistemas de cultivo, e como fator secundário as variedades. Os parâmetros morfológicos produtivos avaliados após a colheita foram o peso fresco de cones, altura de inserção dos primeiros cones, comprimento dos entrenós, comprimento dos ramos laterais, comprimento dos cones e dias do início da brotação até a colheita. Também foram avaliados os parâmetros de qualidade em relação aos alfas e beta ácidos, óleo essencial e teor de xanthohumol. O sistema de manejo orgânico obteve maior produção de cones frescos em relação ao convencional. A variedade mais produtiva foi a Columbus, e a menos produtiva foi a Hallertau Mittelfrüeh. O comprimento médio dos cones foi maior nas variedades Cascade, Chinook e Nugget. O ciclo da planta foi mais precoce no sistema convencional para Cascade e Nugget, e para a Hallertau Mittelfrüeh no sistema orgânico. Para o monoterpeno mirceno, a Hallertau Mittelfrüeh obteve um teor maior no sistema orgânico (62%), assim como o sesquiterpeno trans-cariofileno (37%), que foi maior na variedade Columbus. Já o teor de farneseno foi maior na Hallertau Mittelfrüeh cultivada em sistema convencional. Os resultados demostram que o manejo pode influenciar na produtividade e nas características de aroma do lúpulo, e as diferenças nos parâmetros produtivos e de qualidade entre as variedades demonstram a diferença entre os materiais genéticos estudados.
Hops is a plant with several chemical compounds already known and used by various industries such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, but its use is almost exclusively aimed at the beer market. The chemical compounds of interest in hops such as bitter acids and volatile compounds are found in the lupulin glands present in the cones (inflorescence). In addition to genetic factors and plant age, depending on environmental and management conditions influence the bioactive compound contents. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic and phytochemical performance of five hop varieties grown under organic and conventional management. The experiment was implemented in the "Didactic Orchard", of the FCA of UNESP - Botucatu, in November 2018, only the 2nd year of production was evaluated in this work. A randomized block design was adopted, with 4 blocks in a 2x5 subdivided plot scheme, with the cultivation systems as the main factor and the varieties as the secondary factor. The productive morphological parameters obtained after harvest were fresh weight of cones, height of insertion of the first cones, length of internodes, length of lateral branches, length of cones and days from beginning of sprouting to harvest. Quality parameters regarding alpha and beta acids, essential oil and xanthohumol content were also considered. The organic management system obtained greater production of fresco cones compared to the conventional one. The most productive variety for Columbus, and the least productive for Hallertau Mittelfrüeh. The average length of the cones was greater in Cascade, Chinook and Nugget varieties. The plant cycle was earlier in the conventional system in Cascade and Nugget, and for a Hallertau Mittelfrüeh in the organic system. For the myrcene monoterpene, a Hallertau Mittelfrüeh obtained a higher content in the organic system, as well as the trans-caryophyllene sesquiterpene, which was higher in the Columbus variety. The farnesene content was higher in Hallertau Mittelfrüeh cultivated in a conventional system. The results show that management can influence the yield and flavor characteristics of hops, and the differences in yield and quality parameters between varieties demonstrate the difference between the genetic materials studied.
Hops is a plant with several chemical compounds already known and used by various industries such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, but its use is almost exclusively aimed at the beer market. The chemical compounds of interest in hops such as bitter acids and volatile compounds are found in the lupulin glands present in the cones (inflorescence). In addition to genetic factors and plant age, depending on environmental and management conditions influence the bioactive compound contents. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic and phytochemical performance of five hop varieties grown under organic and conventional management. The experiment was implemented in the "Didactic Orchard", of the FCA of UNESP - Botucatu, in November 2018, only the 2nd year of production was evaluated in this work. A randomized block design was adopted, with 4 blocks in a 2x5 subdivided plot scheme, with the cultivation systems as the main factor and the varieties as the secondary factor. The productive morphological parameters obtained after harvest were fresh weight of cones, height of insertion of the first cones, length of internodes, length of lateral branches, length of cones and days from beginning of sprouting to harvest. Quality parameters regarding alpha and beta acids, essential oil and xanthohumol content were also considered. The organic management system obtained greater production of fresco cones compared to the conventional one. The most productive variety for Columbus, and the least productive for Hallertau Mittelfrüeh. The average length of the cones was greater in Cascade, Chinook and Nugget varieties. The plant cycle was earlier in the conventional system in Cascade and Nugget, and for a Hallertau Mittelfrüeh in the organic system. For the myrcene monoterpene, a Hallertau Mittelfrüeh obtained a higher content in the organic system, as well as the trans-caryophyllene sesquiterpene, which was higher in the Columbus variety. The farnesene content was higher in Hallertau Mittelfrüeh cultivated in a conventional system. The results show that management can influence the yield and flavor characteristics of hops, and the differences in yield and quality parameters between varieties demonstrate the difference between the genetic materials studied.
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Humulus lupulus L, Variedades, Sistema orgânico, Sistema convencional, Compostos químicos, Varieties, Organic system, Conventional system, Chemical compounds