Avaliação da atividade anti-helmíntica in vivo do extrato do bagaço de uva em ovinos com infecção natural por nematoides gastrointestinais
Carregando...
Data
2022-01-25
Autores
Mena, Mateus Oliveira
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com o presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar a atividade anti-helmíntica do extrato bruto do bagaço de uva contra nematoides gastrointestinais de ovinos naturalmente infectados, criados a pasto, por meio de testes in vivo. Foram realizados dois estudos utilizando 30 ovinos em cada estudo, distribuídos em três grupos com 10 animais cada, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC). Estudo 1: foi administrado extrato bruto do bagaço de uva na concentração de 184 mg/mL, na dose de 1ml para cada 5kg de peso vivo no D0 e 1mL para cada 1kg de peso vivo no D14; Estudo 2: foi administrado extrato bruto do bagaço de uva, na dose de 1ml para cada 1kg de peso vivo no D0 e D14 na concentração de 494 mg/mL. Nos dois estudos um grupo foi tratado no D0 (início do estudo) com o anti-helmíntico cloridrato de levamisol 5% (RIPERCOL® L Solução) na dose de 5mg/kg de peso vivo; e outro grupo como controle negativo sem tratamento. As amostras fecais foram coletadas individualmente nos dias 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 no estudo 1 e até o dia 42 no estudo 2, para avaliar o OPG (ovos por grama de fezes) por meio da contagem dos ovos através da câmara de McMaster. O percentual de redução do número de OPG (R-OPG) dos grupos tratados em relação ao grupo controle foi analisado por meio do programa ‘Reso’ FECRT Analysis Program, version 2.0. Os resultados das contagens de OPG foram analisados por ANOVA e comparados pelo teste de Tukey (P <0,05) utilizando o programa SAS University Edition (versão 9.4). As análises realizadas demonstraram os seguintes resultados. No estudo 1, o percentual de redução do Levamisol foi de 100% como controle positivo no D7 e 72% de redução do extrato bruto do bagaço de uva após a primeira dose. Sete dias após a segunda dose do extrato, no D21, foi quando o extrato obteve sua maior redução com 89%, indicando uma efetividade anti-helmíntica. O grupo controle permaneceu com médias de OPG crescentes até o D21, (D0, 1680; D7, 2145; D14, 2215 e D21, 3550), aumentando o desafio parasitário em ralação aos grupos tratados. No estudo 2, o grupo tratado com extrato mostrou efetividade sete dias após a primeira dose (90,5%), no dia 21 atingiu um percentual de R-OPG de 95,8%, mas sua maior redução foi de 97,7%, 14 dias após a segunda dose do extrato (D28). O grupo tratado com levamisol obteve R-OPG >95% do dia 7 ao 28. Os testes de toxicidade não apresentaram alterações após a administração do extrato. Em relação aos resultados da cultura de fezes e identificação de larvas de terceiro estágio (L3) infectantes, no início do experimento os animais apresentaram uma maior prevalência de Haemonchus spp em relação a Cooperia spp em ambos os estudos. Pode-se afirmar que o extrato bruto do bagaço de uva, demonstrou ação antiparasitária para nematódeos gastrointestinais de ovinos nas diferentes concentrações estudadas, sendo mais eficaz na concentração de 494 mg/mL e sem apresentar sinais de toxicidade, sendo seguras para administração em ovinos.
The present study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the crude extract of grape pomace against gastrointestinal nematodes of naturally infected sheep, raised on pasture, through in vivo tests. Two studies were carried out using 30 sheep in each study, divided into three groups with 10 animals each, in a completely randomized design (DIC). Study 1: raw grape pomace extract was administered at a concentration of 184 mg/mL, at a dose of 1ml for every 5kg of live weight on D0 and 1mL for every 1kg of live weight on D14; Study 2: raw grape pomace extract was administered at a dose of 1ml for each 1kg of live weight on D0 and D14 at a concentration of 494 mg/mL. In both studies, one group was treated on D0 (beginning of the study) with the anthelmintic levamisole hydrochloride 5% (RIPERCOL® L Solution) at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight; and another group as negative control without treatment. Fecal samples were collected individually on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 in study 1 and until day 42 in study 2, to assess OPG (eggs per gram of feces) by counting eggs through McMaster chamber. The percentage of reduction in the number of OPG (R-OPG) of the treated groups in relation to the control group was analyzed using the 'Reso' FECRT Analysis Program, version 2.0. The results of OPG counts were analyzed by ANOVA and compared by Tukey's test (P<0.05) using the SAS University Edition program (version 9.4). The analyzes performed showed the following results. In study 1, the percentage of Levamisole reduction was 100% as a positive control on D7 and 72% reduction in the crude extract of grape pomace after the first dose. Seven days after the second dose of the extract, on D21, the extract achieved its greatest reduction with 89%, indicating an anthelmintic effectiveness. The control group remained with increasing means of OPG until D21, (D0, 1680; D7, 2145; D14, 2215 and D21, 3550), increasing the parasite challenge in relation to the treated groups. In study 2, the extract-treated group showed effectiveness seven days after the first dose (90.5%), on day 21 it reached an R-OPG percentage of 95.8%, but its greatest reduction was 97.7%, 14 days after the second dose of the extract (D28). The group treated with levamisole obtained R-OPG >95% from day 7 to 28. The toxicity tests showed no changes after the administration of the extract. Regarding the results of feces culture and identification of infective third stage larvae (L3), at the beginning of the experiment the animals showed a higher prevalence of Haemonchus spp in relation to Cooperia spp in both studies. It can be said that the crude extract of grape pomace showed antiparasitic action for gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep at the different concentrations studied, being more effective at a concentration of 494 mg/mL and without showing signs of toxicity, being safe for administration in sheep.
The present study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the crude extract of grape pomace against gastrointestinal nematodes of naturally infected sheep, raised on pasture, through in vivo tests. Two studies were carried out using 30 sheep in each study, divided into three groups with 10 animals each, in a completely randomized design (DIC). Study 1: raw grape pomace extract was administered at a concentration of 184 mg/mL, at a dose of 1ml for every 5kg of live weight on D0 and 1mL for every 1kg of live weight on D14; Study 2: raw grape pomace extract was administered at a dose of 1ml for each 1kg of live weight on D0 and D14 at a concentration of 494 mg/mL. In both studies, one group was treated on D0 (beginning of the study) with the anthelmintic levamisole hydrochloride 5% (RIPERCOL® L Solution) at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight; and another group as negative control without treatment. Fecal samples were collected individually on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 in study 1 and until day 42 in study 2, to assess OPG (eggs per gram of feces) by counting eggs through McMaster chamber. The percentage of reduction in the number of OPG (R-OPG) of the treated groups in relation to the control group was analyzed using the 'Reso' FECRT Analysis Program, version 2.0. The results of OPG counts were analyzed by ANOVA and compared by Tukey's test (P<0.05) using the SAS University Edition program (version 9.4). The analyzes performed showed the following results. In study 1, the percentage of Levamisole reduction was 100% as a positive control on D7 and 72% reduction in the crude extract of grape pomace after the first dose. Seven days after the second dose of the extract, on D21, the extract achieved its greatest reduction with 89%, indicating an anthelmintic effectiveness. The control group remained with increasing means of OPG until D21, (D0, 1680; D7, 2145; D14, 2215 and D21, 3550), increasing the parasite challenge in relation to the treated groups. In study 2, the extract-treated group showed effectiveness seven days after the first dose (90.5%), on day 21 it reached an R-OPG percentage of 95.8%, but its greatest reduction was 97.7%, 14 days after the second dose of the extract (D28). The group treated with levamisole obtained R-OPG >95% from day 7 to 28. The toxicity tests showed no changes after the administration of the extract. Regarding the results of feces culture and identification of infective third stage larvae (L3), at the beginning of the experiment the animals showed a higher prevalence of Haemonchus spp in relation to Cooperia spp in both studies. It can be said that the crude extract of grape pomace showed antiparasitic action for gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep at the different concentrations studied, being more effective at a concentration of 494 mg/mL and without showing signs of toxicity, being safe for administration in sheep.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fitoterapia, Helminto, Parasitismo, Resistência à drogas, Phytotherapy, Helminth, Parasitism, Drug resistance