Caracterização físico-química de resíduos de abatedouros de frangos
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Data
2022-07-13
Autores
Bueno, Victoria Mamede
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O biodiesel surgiu como uma alternativa sustentável ao diesel e tem um importante papel na mudança da matriz energética mundial. Apesar das vantagens ambientais como menor emissão de fuligem em relação ao diesel e sua síntese ser simples e barata, o biodiesel possui alto custo de produção, por isso há muito interesse em fontes que não disputam espaço com a produção de alimentos e matérias-primas que, ao utilizá-las, facilitam o gerenciamento de descartes e também economizam espaço terrestre que antes seria utilizado como aterro. A indústria de frango de corte produz toneladas de resíduos que podem vir a ser poluentes para o solo e a saúde humana. Diante disso, a destinação e o gerenciamento sustentável destes resíduos é fundamental. O presente trabalho propõe o estudo do potencial energético de três resíduos gerados em um abatedouro de aves: o óleo flotado, o óleo de vísceras e o lodo residual. Para este fim, foi realizada a determinação de importantes parâmetros físico-químicos como: análise imediata e determinação da umidade do lodo residual, índice de acidez, densidade e viscosidade dos óleos residuais. Todas as análises seguiram as especificações presentes na norma americana ASTM. Observou-se que o óleo de vísceras possui mais impurezas e maior densidade à temperatura ambiente que o óleo flotado. O óleo de flotado apresentou índice de acidez de 10,52 mgKOH/g, maior que o óleo de vísceras que foi de 4,36 mgKOH/g. A umidade encontrada foi de 0,07% e 0,08%, a densidade obtida foi de 914,59 e 921,67 kg/m^3para o óleo flotado e o óleo de vísceras, respectivamente. Obteve-se viscosidade de 6,027 x10^(-3) m^2/s para o óleo flotado e e 165,7 x10^(-3) m^2/s para o óleo de vísceras. O lodo residual apresentou um teor de 7% de umidade; teor de cinzas de 3%; teor de material volátil 84% e o teor de carbono 13%. Tanto os óleos quanto o lodo flotado caracterizaram resultados positivos para serem matérias-primas com potencial energético.
Biodiesel emerged as a more sustainable alternative to diesel and has an important role in changing the global energy matrix. Although the environmental advantages as a less soot emitter in relation to the diesel and its simple and cheap syntheses, the bio diesel has a high production cost, with a lot of interests has been attracted for sources that do not dispute place with the food production, raw materials that by using it, facilitate the disposal management and also saves the terrestrial space that would before be used as a landfill. The broiler chicken industry produces tons of waste that tends to be pollutants for the soil and human health. Given this fact, the destination and sustainable management of these waste is fundamental. The present work propos es a potential energetic study of three waste generated in a poultry slaughterhouse: the floated oil, the viscera oil and the residual sludge. Therefore, a determination of important parameters physicochemical was released like: an immediate analysis of th e wasted sludge and moisture determination, acidity level, density and the wasted oil viscosity. All the analysis followed the present specification in the american standard ASTM. It was observed that the viscera oil has more impurities and more density, t he room temperature, than the floated oil. The floated oil presented 10,52 mgKOH/g of acidity, bigger than the viscera oil, which was 4,36 mgKOH/g, The moisture hasn’t had much disparity, it was obtained density 914,59 and 921,67 for t 0,0 7% and 0,0 8%, the he floated oil and the viscera respectively. It was obtained, for the viscosity, 6,027 x10^(-3) m^2/s for the floated oil and 165,7 x10^(-3) m^2/s for the viscera one. The waste sludge presented around 7% of moisture; 3% of ashes; 84% of volatile material and 13% content of carbon. Both oils and floated sludge characterized positive results to be raw material with energ e tic potential.
Biodiesel emerged as a more sustainable alternative to diesel and has an important role in changing the global energy matrix. Although the environmental advantages as a less soot emitter in relation to the diesel and its simple and cheap syntheses, the bio diesel has a high production cost, with a lot of interests has been attracted for sources that do not dispute place with the food production, raw materials that by using it, facilitate the disposal management and also saves the terrestrial space that would before be used as a landfill. The broiler chicken industry produces tons of waste that tends to be pollutants for the soil and human health. Given this fact, the destination and sustainable management of these waste is fundamental. The present work propos es a potential energetic study of three waste generated in a poultry slaughterhouse: the floated oil, the viscera oil and the residual sludge. Therefore, a determination of important parameters physicochemical was released like: an immediate analysis of th e wasted sludge and moisture determination, acidity level, density and the wasted oil viscosity. All the analysis followed the present specification in the american standard ASTM. It was observed that the viscera oil has more impurities and more density, t he room temperature, than the floated oil. The floated oil presented 10,52 mgKOH/g of acidity, bigger than the viscera oil, which was 4,36 mgKOH/g, The moisture hasn’t had much disparity, it was obtained density 914,59 and 921,67 for t 0,0 7% and 0,0 8%, the he floated oil and the viscera respectively. It was obtained, for the viscosity, 6,027 x10^(-3) m^2/s for the floated oil and 165,7 x10^(-3) m^2/s for the viscera one. The waste sludge presented around 7% of moisture; 3% of ashes; 84% of volatile material and 13% content of carbon. Both oils and floated sludge characterized positive results to be raw material with energ e tic potential.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Caracterização físico-química, Biodiesel, Poultry slaughterhouse, Waste, Physicochemical characterization, Biodiesel, Resíduos, Abatedouro, Frango de corte, Energia Fontes alternativas