Parâmetros gastrintestinais e metabólicos na obesidade: efeitos transgeracionais e de plicatura gástrica em roedores
Carregando...
Data
2022-06-30
Autores
Machado, Mariana Pirani Rocha [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A obesidade paterna pode acarretar alterações na função gastrointestinal (GI) e tal efeito pode se manifestar também na prole masculina por questões epigenéticas. Além disso, tratamentos cirúrgicos da obesidade como a Plicatura Gástrica (PG) podem causar alterações no trânsito GI e em níveis hormonais, apesar de reduzirem o peso e quantidade de gordura corporal. Diante do exposto, empregar dois modelos de obesidade experimentais in vivo e a técnica biomagnética BAC, pode contribuir para a caracterização da motilidade gastrintestinal e de um tratamento cirúrgico reversível em obesos. Assim, os objetivos desse trabalho foram: 1) Avaliar comparativamente a função gastrointestinal e a morfologia em modelo experimental de obesidade paterna induzido por glutamato monossódico e duas gerações subsequentes de descendentes machos; 2) Verificar as funções metabólicas e gastrointestinais em modelo experimental de obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica (High-Fat Diet - HFD) submetido à cirurgia de plicatura gástrica. Ratos obesos induzidos por MSG (F1) apresentaram diminuição na frequência e amplitude das contrações gástricas, enquanto ratos obesos da geração F2 mostraram MGET acelerado e MCAT e MSITT lentificados. Os níveis de glicose e leptina estavam aumentados em F1 e F2. Os níveis de insulina diminuíram nas gerações F1, F2 e F3. A morfometria duodenal mostrou-se alterada nas três gerações sugerindo que a obesidade pode ter transmissão transgeracional paterna. Em suma, foram observados distúrbios na função gastrointestinal de três gerações, ressaltando a importância de se considerar um ciclo paterno de obesidade para entender a extensão dos distúrbios da doença sobre a fisiologia gastrointestinal. Na segunda parte deste estudo, observou-se que a plicatura gástrica (PG) não foi capaz de reverter o esvaziamento gástrico lentificado presente em obesos e até piorou a variabilidade em torno da frequência média, sugerindo uma disritmia no período analisado após o procedimento. A PG possivelmente desencadeou remodelamento nas camadas mucosas e musculares das mucosas, tornando se mais espessas e apresentando infiltrados inflamatório. Todavia, houve uma diminuição significativa dos níveis de leptina e do peso corporal, principalmente nos grupos obesos. Este estudo analisou as consequências para o trato GI do desenvolvimento de novas estratégias cirúrgicas para o tratamento, bem como da contribuição transgeracional na obesidade. Desta forma, os modelos de obesidade aqui adotados foram eficazes e ressaltaram a importante contribuição da função gastrointestinal sobre a manutenção do peso corporal e na saúde da prole. Nesse contexto, alterações na motilidade nem sempre são totalmente compreendidas ou consideradas relevantes durante a condução de estudos em obesos
Paternal obesity can lead to changes in gastrointestinal (GI) function and this effect can also be manifested in male offspring due to epigenetic reasons. In addition, surgical treatments for obesity such as Gastric Plication (PG) can cause changes in GI transit and hormone levels, despite reducing weight and the amount of body fat. In view of the above, employing two experimental obesity models in vivo and the BAC biomagnetic technique can contribute to the characterization of gastrointestinal motility and a reversible surgical treatment in obese individuals. Thus, the objectives of this work were: 1) Comparatively evaluate gastrointestinal function and morphology in an experimental model of paternal obesity induced by monosodium glutamate and two subsequent generations of male offspring; 2) To verify the metabolic and gastrointestinal functions in an experimental model of obesity induced by a high-fat diet (High-Fat Diet - HFD) submitted to gastric plication surgery. MSG-induced obese rats (F1) showed decreased frequency and amplitude of gastric contractions, while F2-generation obese rats showed accelerated Mean Gastric Emptying Time (MGET) and slowed Mean Cecum Arrival Time (MCAT) and Mean Small Intestine Transit Time (MSITT). Glucose and leptin levels were increased in F1 and F2. Insulin levels decreased in the F1, F2 and F3 generations. Duodenal morphometry was altered in the three generations, suggesting that obesity may have transgenerational paternal transmission. In summary, disturbances in gastrointestinal function over three generations were observed, underscoring the importance of considering a paternal cycle of obesity to understand the extent of disease disturbances on gastrointestinal physiology. In the second part of this study, it was observed that gastric plication (GP) was not able to reverse the slowed gastric emptying present in obese and even worsened the variability around the mean frequency, suggesting a dysrhythmia in the period analyzed after the procedure. GP possibly triggered remodeling in the mucosal and muscular layers of the mucosa, becoming thicker and presenting inflammatory infiltrates. However, there was a significant decrease in leptin levels and body weight, especially in the obese groups. This study analyzed the consequences for the GI tract of the development of new surgical strategies for treatment, as well as the transgenerational contribution to obesity. Thus, the obesity models adopted here were effective and highlighted the important contribution of the gastrointestinal function on the maintenance of body weight and on the health of the offspring. In this context, changes in motility are not always fully understood or considered relevant when conducting studies in obese subjects.
Paternal obesity can lead to changes in gastrointestinal (GI) function and this effect can also be manifested in male offspring due to epigenetic reasons. In addition, surgical treatments for obesity such as Gastric Plication (PG) can cause changes in GI transit and hormone levels, despite reducing weight and the amount of body fat. In view of the above, employing two experimental obesity models in vivo and the BAC biomagnetic technique can contribute to the characterization of gastrointestinal motility and a reversible surgical treatment in obese individuals. Thus, the objectives of this work were: 1) Comparatively evaluate gastrointestinal function and morphology in an experimental model of paternal obesity induced by monosodium glutamate and two subsequent generations of male offspring; 2) To verify the metabolic and gastrointestinal functions in an experimental model of obesity induced by a high-fat diet (High-Fat Diet - HFD) submitted to gastric plication surgery. MSG-induced obese rats (F1) showed decreased frequency and amplitude of gastric contractions, while F2-generation obese rats showed accelerated Mean Gastric Emptying Time (MGET) and slowed Mean Cecum Arrival Time (MCAT) and Mean Small Intestine Transit Time (MSITT). Glucose and leptin levels were increased in F1 and F2. Insulin levels decreased in the F1, F2 and F3 generations. Duodenal morphometry was altered in the three generations, suggesting that obesity may have transgenerational paternal transmission. In summary, disturbances in gastrointestinal function over three generations were observed, underscoring the importance of considering a paternal cycle of obesity to understand the extent of disease disturbances on gastrointestinal physiology. In the second part of this study, it was observed that gastric plication (GP) was not able to reverse the slowed gastric emptying present in obese and even worsened the variability around the mean frequency, suggesting a dysrhythmia in the period analyzed after the procedure. GP possibly triggered remodeling in the mucosal and muscular layers of the mucosa, becoming thicker and presenting inflammatory infiltrates. However, there was a significant decrease in leptin levels and body weight, especially in the obese groups. This study analyzed the consequences for the GI tract of the development of new surgical strategies for treatment, as well as the transgenerational contribution to obesity. Thus, the obesity models adopted here were effective and highlighted the important contribution of the gastrointestinal function on the maintenance of body weight and on the health of the offspring. In this context, changes in motility are not always fully understood or considered relevant when conducting studies in obese subjects.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bariatric surgery, Contractility, High-fat diet, Motility, Dieta hiperlipídica, Cirurgia bariátrica, Inflamação