Adaptação baseada em ecossistemas (ABE) para redução de riscos e desastres: um estudo no município de Santos-SP
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2022-04-20
Autores
Forini, Henrique Almeida
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Diante da intensificação das alterações antropogênicas sobre o meio ambiente, o equilíbrio dos ecossistemas tem sofrido grandes perturbações, aumentando situações de vulnerabilidade que podem desencadear desastres. No Brasil, a ocorrência dos desastres tem demonstrado que depende mais do grau de vulnerabilidade e exposição das populações afetadas do que da magnitude dos eventos climáticos extremos. Em março de 2020, após fortes chuvas que atingiram a região da Baixada Santista, houve oito mortes em Santos, três em São Vicente e 31 no Guarujá. O município de Santos-SP, ao longo de sua história, vem enfrentando muitos impactos de eventos adversos decorrentes de escorregamentos. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o cenário atual de redução de riscos e desastres (RRD) relacionados a escorregamentos em Santos-SP, tendo como foco o uso das medidas de adaptação baseada em ecossistemas (ABE), visto que essas medidas podem contribuir para prevenção de desastres e a redução da vulnerabilidade da população por meio de ações de preservação e recuperação dos ecossistemas. Para tanto, os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram a pesquisa bibliográfica, a pesquisa documental, análise espacial com base no reconhecimento do uso do solo e topos de morro, na identificação das áreas de risco de desastres e de outros elementos pertinentes como registros de ocorrências de desastres e patrimônios históricos localizados nos morros ou proximidades. Também foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais que atuam na área de desastres e representantes da defesa civil municipal de Santos-SP. Como principais resultados, verificamos que há três planos municipais relacionados à RRD e ABE, cujas diretrizes se complementam e apontam para práticas que buscam a redução de desastres. Verificamos também que o município tem adotado, em nível legislativo, muitas iniciativas atuais e consensuais entre cientistas e profissionais da área, mas ainda há barreiras práticas a serem superadas, sendo uma delas a gestão de uso e ocupação do solo, pressionada por interesses do mercado imobiliário. Associada a esta barreira, está também a necessidade da prefeitura municipal em garantir direitos básicos e proteção social para pessoas que moram nas encostas e topos de morro, sem prejuízos à conservação da vegetação local e à população de baixa renda. Ainda, apesar dos resultados obtidos com a pesquisa documental e as entrevistas demonstrarem ideias muito abrangentes sobre educação ambiental, consideramos que essas práticas educativas poderiam auxiliar na implementação de políticas de adaptação climática e prevenção de desastres através de diferentes parcerias a fim de incentivar a construção de gestões mais participativas no município.
Due to the intensification of anthropogenic changes on the environment, the balance of ecosystems has suffered major disturbances, thus creating/worsening situations of vulnerability that can trigger disasters. In Brazil, the occurrence of disasters in some cases depends more on the degree of vulnerability and exposure of the affected populations than on the magnitude of extreme weather events. In March 2020, after heavy rains that hit the Baixada Santista region, there were 8 deaths in Santos, 3 in São Vicente and 31 in Guarujá. The city of Santos-SP has been suffering from the impacts of adverse events, especially in the last century. This research aimed to analyze the current scenario of disaster risk reduction in Santos-SP, focusing on ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) measures. The methodological procedures included bibliographic research, documental research, spatial analysis based on the recognition of land use and hill tops, identification of risk areas and other relevant factors such as occurrences of disasters and presence of historical monuments. In addition, a semi-structured interview was applied to professionals who study disasters and representatives of the municipal civil defense of Santos-SP. As main results, we found that there are 3 municipal plans related to the theme of work, whose guidelines complement each other and point to actions that contribute to disaster reduction. We also note that the municipality is up to date with its legislation, but there are still many challenges in practice, one of which is the management of land use and occupation, pressured by market interests. Associated with this barrier is the need for the municipal government to guarantee basic rights and social protection for people who live on slopes and hilltops, without harming the conservation of local vegetation and the low-income population. Despite the results achieved with the documentary research and the interviews demonstrating very broad ideas about environmental education, we believe that these educational practices could help in the implementation of climate adaptation and disaster prevention policies through different partnerships in order to encourage the construction of more sustainable management. participatory in the municipality.
Due to the intensification of anthropogenic changes on the environment, the balance of ecosystems has suffered major disturbances, thus creating/worsening situations of vulnerability that can trigger disasters. In Brazil, the occurrence of disasters in some cases depends more on the degree of vulnerability and exposure of the affected populations than on the magnitude of extreme weather events. In March 2020, after heavy rains that hit the Baixada Santista region, there were 8 deaths in Santos, 3 in São Vicente and 31 in Guarujá. The city of Santos-SP has been suffering from the impacts of adverse events, especially in the last century. This research aimed to analyze the current scenario of disaster risk reduction in Santos-SP, focusing on ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) measures. The methodological procedures included bibliographic research, documental research, spatial analysis based on the recognition of land use and hill tops, identification of risk areas and other relevant factors such as occurrences of disasters and presence of historical monuments. In addition, a semi-structured interview was applied to professionals who study disasters and representatives of the municipal civil defense of Santos-SP. As main results, we found that there are 3 municipal plans related to the theme of work, whose guidelines complement each other and point to actions that contribute to disaster reduction. We also note that the municipality is up to date with its legislation, but there are still many challenges in practice, one of which is the management of land use and occupation, pressured by market interests. Associated with this barrier is the need for the municipal government to guarantee basic rights and social protection for people who live on slopes and hilltops, without harming the conservation of local vegetation and the low-income population. Despite the results achieved with the documentary research and the interviews demonstrating very broad ideas about environmental education, we believe that these educational practices could help in the implementation of climate adaptation and disaster prevention policies through different partnerships in order to encourage the construction of more sustainable management. participatory in the municipality.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Adaptação, Serviços ecossistêmicos, Prevenção de riscos de desastres, Adaptation, Ecosystem services, Risk and disaster prevention