Harmful effects of pyraclostrobin on the fat body and pericardial cells of foragers of africanized honey bee
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Data
2022-11-30
Autores
Inoue, Lais Vieira Bello
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As abelhas manejadas de Apis mellifera são expostas diariamente em ambientes agrícolas ou naturais a múltiplos estressores. Atualmente, resíduos de fungicidas estão cada vez mais presentes no pólen e néctar das abelhas e podem prejudicar a produção e sobrevivência das colônias. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do fungicida piraclostrobina no corpo gorduroso e nas células pericárdicas de abelhas Africanizadas. As forrageadoras foram divididas em três grupos de tratamento experimental e dois controles: piraclostrobina 0,125 ng/µL (FG1), 0,025 ng/µL (FG2), 0,005 ng/µL (FG3), controle não tratado (CTL) e controle de acetona (CAC). Após cinco dias de exposição oral (ad libitum), as abelhas foram dissecadas e preparadas para a análise histopatológica e morfométrica. As abelhas tratadas com FG1 apresentaram extensas alterações na citoarquitetura no corpo gorduroso e nas células do pericárdio, induzindo a morte celular. As abelhas do grupo FG2 apresentaram enócitos desarranjados, vacuolização periférica e núcleos picnóticos das células pericárdicas, mas a citoarquitetura não foi comprometida como observado no FG1. Além disso, células do sistema imunológico foram observadas ao longo do corpo gorduroso no grupo FG1. As abelhas expostas ao FG3 demonstraram apenas vacuolização dos enócitos. Uma diminuição significativa na área de superfície dos enócitos para as abelhas expostas a todas as concentrações de piraclostrobina foi observada em comparação com os grupos CTL e CAC. As abelhas dos grupos de tratamento FG1 e FG2 apresentaram uma área superficial de células pericárdicas reduzida em relação aos controles e ao grupo FG3. Este estudo destacou os efeitos nocivos das concentrações do fungicida piraclostrobina no nível celular individual da abelha, potencialmente prejudicando o nível da colônia em exposição contínua.
Managed honey bees are daily exposed in agricultural settings or wild environments to multiple stressors. Currently, fungicide residues are increasingly present in bee pollen and nectar and can harm colonies production and survival. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the fungicide pyraclostrobin on the fat body and pericardial cells of Africanized honey bees. The foragers were divided into three experimental treatment groups and two controls: pyraclostrobin 0.125 ng/µL (FG1), 0.025 ng/µL (FG2), 0.005 ng/µL (FG3), untreated control (CTL), and acetone control (CAC). After five days of oral exposure (ad libitum), the bees were dissected and prepared for histopathological and morphometric analysis. The FG1-treated bees showed extensive cytoarchitecture changes in the fat body and pericardial cells, inducing cell death. Bees from the FG2 group showed disarranged oenocytes, peripheral vacuolization, and pyknotic nuclei of pericardial cells, but the cytoarchitecture was not compromised as observed in FG1. Additionally, immune system cells were observed throughout the fat body in the FG1 group. Bees exposed to FG3 demonstrated only oenocytes vacuolization. A significant decrease in the oenocyte’s surface area for bees exposed to all pyraclostrobin concentrations was observed compared to the CTL and CAC groups. The bees from the FG1 and FG2 treatment groups presented a reduced surface area of pericardial cells compared to the controls and the FG3 group. This study highlighted the harmful effects of fungicide pyraclostrobin concentrations at the individual bee cellular level, potentially harming the colony level on continuous exposure.
Managed honey bees are daily exposed in agricultural settings or wild environments to multiple stressors. Currently, fungicide residues are increasingly present in bee pollen and nectar and can harm colonies production and survival. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the fungicide pyraclostrobin on the fat body and pericardial cells of Africanized honey bees. The foragers were divided into three experimental treatment groups and two controls: pyraclostrobin 0.125 ng/µL (FG1), 0.025 ng/µL (FG2), 0.005 ng/µL (FG3), untreated control (CTL), and acetone control (CAC). After five days of oral exposure (ad libitum), the bees were dissected and prepared for histopathological and morphometric analysis. The FG1-treated bees showed extensive cytoarchitecture changes in the fat body and pericardial cells, inducing cell death. Bees from the FG2 group showed disarranged oenocytes, peripheral vacuolization, and pyknotic nuclei of pericardial cells, but the cytoarchitecture was not compromised as observed in FG1. Additionally, immune system cells were observed throughout the fat body in the FG1 group. Bees exposed to FG3 demonstrated only oenocytes vacuolization. A significant decrease in the oenocyte’s surface area for bees exposed to all pyraclostrobin concentrations was observed compared to the CTL and CAC groups. The bees from the FG1 and FG2 treatment groups presented a reduced surface area of pericardial cells compared to the controls and the FG3 group. This study highlighted the harmful effects of fungicide pyraclostrobin concentrations at the individual bee cellular level, potentially harming the colony level on continuous exposure.
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Palavras-chave
Abelhas, Ecoxicologia, Biomarcadores, Fungicida, Biomarkers, Ecotoxicology, Fungicide, Bees