Neuroplasticidade da fenda pós-sináptica e sua repercussão no ventre muscular em modelo experimental de salto vertical
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Data
2022
Autores
Gomes, Isabella
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O tecido muscular esquelético possui ampla plasticidade, este é composto por
miofibras, envoltas por uma rede de tecido conjuntivo, as miofibras são formadas por
conjuntos de sarcômeros e são considerados sua unidade ultraestrutural contrátil,
ativados por sinapses através da Junção Neuromuscular (JNM), responsável pela
ativação do potencial de ação que promoverá a liberção de Ca²+ e consequentemente
a ação muscular. O salto vertical (SV) é uma capacidade funcional realizada em
diversos esportes, que exige força e resistência muscular que promoverá alterações
quando executada de forma periodizada, além de ser fundamento essencial em
diferentes práticas desportivas. O objetivo do presente estudo consiste em descrever
as características estruturais, histoquímicas e morfológicas da região do ventre e da
JNM do músculo gastrocnêmio de ratos Wistar (n=20) adultos submetidos ao
protocolo experimental de salto vertical. Para isso os animais foram divididos
aleatoriamente em 2 grupos: Sedentário (S): não submetidos ao protocolo; e Grupo
Treinado (TR): submetidos ao protocolo experimental de SV. O treinamento de SV
consistiu em uma adaptação aquática na primeira semana e a partir da segunda
semana foi aplicado o protocolo onde uma carga anexa será fixada ao animal, para
que ele seja levado ao fundo do tanque e se propulsione com os membros posteriores
proporcionando assim a emersão. Foram realizadas 3 sessões semanais, durante 4
semanas. Para as análises foram utilizadas as técnicas de microscopia de luz, ATPase
Miofibrilar e Imunoflourescência. Após a obtenção dos dados foram tratados
estatisticamente através da análise de Mann-Witney e teste de normalidade Shapiro wilk, com nível de significância de p<0,05 pelo Software Graph Pad Prism 8.
Concluímos que o ventre muscular demonstrou adaptações em seus núcleos e área
intersticial, bem como adaptações nas fibras tipo I decorrentes do protocolo de Salto
Vertical. Enquanto na JNM observamos alterações associadas principalmente a área
corada, consequentemente com alterações na dispersão da placa motora. Diante
disso, constatamos que o SV promove alterações musculares e com repercussões na
JNM, demonstrando que é um protocolo efetivo, porém necessita de futuros estudos
para revelar suas repercussões neuromotoras funcionais.
Skeletal muscle tissue has extensive plasticity, is composed of myofibers, surrounded by a network of connective tissue, as myofibers are formed by sarcomeres that are considered their contractile ultrastructural unit, activated by synapses through the neuromuscular junction, for the first time potential for action that promotes the release of Ca2 + and consequently a muscular action. The vertical jump is a functional capacity performed in several sports, which requires muscle strength and endurance that promotes changes when performed periodically, in addition to being essential in different sports practices. The objective of the present study was to describe the characteristics, histochemical and morphological characteristics of the womb region and the neuromuscular junction of the gastrocnemius muscle of adult Wistar rats (n = 20) using the experimental vertical jump protocol. The animals was randomly divided into 2 groups: Sedentary (S): not submitted to the protocol and the Trained Group (TR): use the vertical jump protocol. The vertical jump training consisted of an aquatic adaptation in the first week and from the second week the protocol was applied where an load was attached to the animal, so that it is taken to the bottom of the tank and propels itself with the hind limbs.There was 3 weekly sessions, for 4 weeks. For the analyzes was used as techniques of light microscopy, Myofibrillar ATPase and Immunoflourescence. After obtaining the data, was used statistically using the Graph Pad Prism 8 software. We conclude that the muscle belly showed adaptations in its nuclei and interstitial area, as well as adaptations in type I fibers resulting from the Vertical Leap protocol. While in JNM we observed alterations mainly associated with the stained area, consequently with alterations in the motor plate dispersion. Therefore, we found that VS promotes muscle changes and with repercussions on NMJ, demonstrating that it is an effective protocol, but it needs future studies to reveal its functional neuromotor repercussions.
Skeletal muscle tissue has extensive plasticity, is composed of myofibers, surrounded by a network of connective tissue, as myofibers are formed by sarcomeres that are considered their contractile ultrastructural unit, activated by synapses through the neuromuscular junction, for the first time potential for action that promotes the release of Ca2 + and consequently a muscular action. The vertical jump is a functional capacity performed in several sports, which requires muscle strength and endurance that promotes changes when performed periodically, in addition to being essential in different sports practices. The objective of the present study was to describe the characteristics, histochemical and morphological characteristics of the womb region and the neuromuscular junction of the gastrocnemius muscle of adult Wistar rats (n = 20) using the experimental vertical jump protocol. The animals was randomly divided into 2 groups: Sedentary (S): not submitted to the protocol and the Trained Group (TR): use the vertical jump protocol. The vertical jump training consisted of an aquatic adaptation in the first week and from the second week the protocol was applied where an load was attached to the animal, so that it is taken to the bottom of the tank and propels itself with the hind limbs.There was 3 weekly sessions, for 4 weeks. For the analyzes was used as techniques of light microscopy, Myofibrillar ATPase and Immunoflourescence. After obtaining the data, was used statistically using the Graph Pad Prism 8 software. We conclude that the muscle belly showed adaptations in its nuclei and interstitial area, as well as adaptations in type I fibers resulting from the Vertical Leap protocol. While in JNM we observed alterations mainly associated with the stained area, consequently with alterations in the motor plate dispersion. Therefore, we found that VS promotes muscle changes and with repercussions on NMJ, demonstrating that it is an effective protocol, but it needs future studies to reveal its functional neuromotor repercussions.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Músculo esquelético, Junção neuromuscular, Salto, Skeletal striated muscle, Neuromuscular junction, Vertical jump