Helmintos de tartarugas marinhas (TESTUDINES; CHELONIIDAE), do litoral centro – sul de São Paulo, SP.
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Data
2022-12-16
Autores
Silva, Maria Luisa Previati
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As tartarugas marinhas habitam os oceanos tropicais e subtropicais ao redor do mundo sendo que, das sete espécies existentes, cinco são encontradas na costa brasileira. O conhecimento sobre a helmintofauna de tartarugas marinhas tem sido uma importante ferramenta para a compreensão de aspectos ecológicos, tais como padrões de migração, comportamento, distribuição, ecologia alimentar, bem como para avaliar o estado de saúde dessas populações. No Brasil estudos apontam a existência de pelo menos 20 espécies da Classe Trematoda e quatro espécies de nematódeos, porém este número pode estar subestimado, devido a carência de informações para diversas partes do litoral. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a fauna helmíntica presente no trato gastrointestinal e urogenital de tartarugas-marinhas do litoral centro-sul de São Paulo, no período de 2015 à 2020. Os índices parasitológicos de prevalência, abundância média e intensidade média de infecção foram calculados para avaliar e descrever a fauna parasitária. Ao todo 629 tartarugas foram analisadas, sendo 598 exemplares de Chelonia mydas, 27 de Caretta caretta, duas deLepidochelys olivacea e duas de Eretmochelys imbricata. Das tartarugas analisadas 167 estavam parasitadas (uma prevalência total de 26,55%) e os parasitas gastrointestinais Cricocephalus albus, Metacetabulum invaginatum ePronocephalus obliquus, foram as espécies de maior prevalência para Chelonia mydas, enquanto Pyelosomum cochlear e Plesiochorus cymbiformis foram encontrados apenas infectando a bexiga. Nos dois exemplares de Lepidochelys olivacea a espécie predominante foi Plesiochorus cymbiformis, porém ao contrário do observado em C. mydas, estes foram encontrados apenas no intestino. O parasita predomindante em Caretta caretta foi Orchidasma amphiorchispresente exclusivamente no intestino. Cricocephalus albus foi a único parasita encontrado em Eretmochelys imbricata.O índice prevalência não apresentou diferença estatística para C. mydas e C. caretta, porém foi verificada diferença quanto ao sítio de infecção, sendo o intestino o local de maior prevalência, seguido do estômago e bexiga.
Sea turtles inhabit the tropical and subtropical oceans around the world and of the seven existing species five are found on the brazilian coast. Knowledge about the helminth fauna of sea turtles has been an important tool for understanding ecological aspects, such as migration patterns, behavior, distribution, food ecology, as well as for assessing the health status of these populations. In Brazil, studies indicate the existence of at least 20 species of the Class Trematoda and four species of nematodes, but this number may be underestimated, due to the lack of information for different parts of the coast. This study aimed to describe the helminth fauna present in the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract of sea turtles on the south-central coast of São Paulo from 2015 to 2020. Parasitological indices were used to analyze possible seasonal and gender differences in prevalence, average abundance and average intensity of infection. A total of 629 turtles were analyzed, 598 specimens of Cheloniamydas, 27 of Carettacaretta, two of Lepidochelysolivacea and two of Eretmochelysimbricata. Of the turtles analyzed, 167 were parasitized (a total prevalence of 26.55%) and the gastrointestinal parasites Cricocephalus albus, Metacetabulum invaginatum and Pronocephalus obliquus were the most prevalent species for Chelonia mydas, while Pyelosomum cochlear and Plesiochorus cymbiformis were found only infecting the bladder. In the two specimens of Lepidochelysolivacea the predominant species was Plesiochoruscymbiformis, however contrary to what was observed in C. mydas, these were found only in the intestine. The predominant parasite in Carettacaretta was Orchidasmaamphiorchis present exclusively in the intestine and Cricocephalusalbus was the only parasite found in Eretmochelysimbricata.The prevalence between the two most numerous species of turtle did not show statistical difference (p= 0.854), but there was a statistically significant difference between them as to the site of infection (p = 0.001), with the intestine being the most prevalent site, followed by stomach and bladder.
Sea turtles inhabit the tropical and subtropical oceans around the world and of the seven existing species five are found on the brazilian coast. Knowledge about the helminth fauna of sea turtles has been an important tool for understanding ecological aspects, such as migration patterns, behavior, distribution, food ecology, as well as for assessing the health status of these populations. In Brazil, studies indicate the existence of at least 20 species of the Class Trematoda and four species of nematodes, but this number may be underestimated, due to the lack of information for different parts of the coast. This study aimed to describe the helminth fauna present in the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract of sea turtles on the south-central coast of São Paulo from 2015 to 2020. Parasitological indices were used to analyze possible seasonal and gender differences in prevalence, average abundance and average intensity of infection. A total of 629 turtles were analyzed, 598 specimens of Cheloniamydas, 27 of Carettacaretta, two of Lepidochelysolivacea and two of Eretmochelysimbricata. Of the turtles analyzed, 167 were parasitized (a total prevalence of 26.55%) and the gastrointestinal parasites Cricocephalus albus, Metacetabulum invaginatum and Pronocephalus obliquus were the most prevalent species for Chelonia mydas, while Pyelosomum cochlear and Plesiochorus cymbiformis were found only infecting the bladder. In the two specimens of Lepidochelysolivacea the predominant species was Plesiochoruscymbiformis, however contrary to what was observed in C. mydas, these were found only in the intestine. The predominant parasite in Carettacaretta was Orchidasmaamphiorchis present exclusively in the intestine and Cricocephalusalbus was the only parasite found in Eretmochelysimbricata.The prevalence between the two most numerous species of turtle did not show statistical difference (p= 0.854), but there was a statistically significant difference between them as to the site of infection (p = 0.001), with the intestine being the most prevalent site, followed by stomach and bladder.
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Palavras-chave
Tartarugas marinhas, Biologia, Parasitologia, Parasitos, Helmintos, Endoparasitas, Cryptodira, Nematódeos, Trematódeos