Simulação de um processo industrial para o reaproveitamento de levedura residual proveniente da indústria cervejeira
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Data
2023-01-10
Autores
Montero, Diogo Fleuri
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A levedura do processo produtivo de cerveja gera um grande volume de
resíduos e ainda possui poucos destinos de reaproveitamento. No entanto, essa
levedura residual possui componentes intracelulares de interesse para diversos
setores das indústrias alimentícias, cosméticas e farmacêuticas. Dentre os principais
componentes, destacam-se as enzimas invertases, 5’-ribonucleotídeos, extrato de
levedura, beta-glucanas insolúveis e mananoproteínas, cujas propriedades bioativas
são extremamente sensíveis às suas condições de obtenção. Diversos métodos de
extração foram desenvolvidos com o intuito de extrair esses componentes do interior
da célula e da parede celular da levedura com um alto rendimento, pureza e sem
interferir na estrutura orgânica, de forma a preservar suas características orgânicas.
A partir da proposição de métodos extrativos sustentáveis, com possível aplicação
industrial economicamente viável, o presente trabalho visou desenvolver um
fluxograma de processos contendo as operações unitárias referentes a cada etapa
necessária dos métodos extrativos escolhidos, representando dessa forma uma planta
industrial planejada que minimize custos e otimize o tempo do processo a partir de um
diagrama de Gantt. Também foram feitas estimativas de fluxo mássico com base em
dados da literatura, quantidade de energia requerida por batelada e uma avaliação
econômica preliminar da planta proposta. Obteve-se um processo com duração de 54
horas por ciclo, quantidade de energia térmica necessária 32.372165 Kj para o
aquecimento e15.326.426,09 Kj para o resfriamento e diversos indicativos financeiros
que demonstram a viabilidade do projeto.
The yeast from the beer production process generates a large volume of waste and still has few reuse destinations. However, this residual yeast has intracellular components of interest to several sectors of the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Among the main components, the enzymes invertases, 5'-ribonucleotides, yeast extract, insoluble beta-glucans and mannanproteins stand out, which bioactive properties are extremely sensitive to their production conditions. Several extraction methods have been developed aiming to extract these components from the interior of the cell and the cell wall with a high yield, purity and without interfering with the organic structure, in order to preserve their organic characteristics. From the proposition of sustainable extractive methods, with possible economically viable industrial application, the present work aimed to develop a process flowchart containing the unit operations referring to each necessary step of the chosen extractive methods, thus representing a planned industrial plant that minimizes costs and optimize process time from a Gantt chart. Mass and energy flow estimates were also made based on literature data, amount of energy required per batch and a preliminary economic evaluation of the proposed plant. A process lasting 54 hours per cycle was obtained, the amount of thermal energy required of 32,372,165 Kj for heating and – 15,326,426.09 Kj for cooling and several financial indicators that demonstrate the feasibility of the project.
The yeast from the beer production process generates a large volume of waste and still has few reuse destinations. However, this residual yeast has intracellular components of interest to several sectors of the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Among the main components, the enzymes invertases, 5'-ribonucleotides, yeast extract, insoluble beta-glucans and mannanproteins stand out, which bioactive properties are extremely sensitive to their production conditions. Several extraction methods have been developed aiming to extract these components from the interior of the cell and the cell wall with a high yield, purity and without interfering with the organic structure, in order to preserve their organic characteristics. From the proposition of sustainable extractive methods, with possible economically viable industrial application, the present work aimed to develop a process flowchart containing the unit operations referring to each necessary step of the chosen extractive methods, thus representing a planned industrial plant that minimizes costs and optimize process time from a Gantt chart. Mass and energy flow estimates were also made based on literature data, amount of energy required per batch and a preliminary economic evaluation of the proposed plant. A process lasting 54 hours per cycle was obtained, the amount of thermal energy required of 32,372,165 Kj for heating and – 15,326,426.09 Kj for cooling and several financial indicators that demonstrate the feasibility of the project.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Resíduos, Levedura, Extração, Indústria