Esporotricose felina
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Data
2023-01-17
Autores
Reznik, Alec Utida
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A esporotricose é uma doença zoonótica, causada por fungos dimórficos do complexo Sporothrix schenckii. No ambiente ou em cultivos a 25º C, apresenta-se na forma saprófita de micélio e, no hospedeiro ou em cultivos a 37º C, adquire morfologia de levedura. Os felinos domésticos são os mais acometidos e principais reservatórios da enfermidade. Sua transmissão ocorre principalmente no contato com o animal infectado, através de arranhaduras ou mordeduras, e também no encontro com o agente no ambiente, como no solo e plantas. É mais comum em países de zonas tropicais e subtropicais, considerada a micose subcutânea mais frequente da América Latina. Tem grande importância no contexto de saúde pública, visto que o Brasil detém o maior número de casos entre humanos e felinos, principalmente nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. Costuma-se limitar aos tecidos cutâneo, subcutâneo e linfático adjacente às lesões e, eventualmente, dissemina-se aos órgãos. Em felinos, a clínica mais comum é a forma cutânea fixa e disseminada, com lesões ulceradas, nodulares, com bordos elevados e aspecto de crosta, drenando secreção serosanguinolenta e purulenta, geralmente localizadas em cabeça, principalmente focinho e orelhas, e membros torácicos. O diagnóstico definitivo é realizado através de coleta de amostras para citologia, histopatologia e cultivo micológico (padrão-ouro). A associação de itraconazol com iodeto de potássio é o tratamento mais efetivo atualmente.. Termoterapia, remoção cirúrgica e criocirurgia são tratamentos adjuvantes que auxiliam no tratamento da esporotricose, principalmente em casos refratários. Como medidas de prevenção e controle, destacam-se programas de conscientização sobre guarda responsável, educação em saúde, diagnóstico, tratamento acessível e descarte adequado de cadáveres.
Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. In the environment or in cultures at 25º C, it presents itself in the saprophytic form of mycelium and, in the host or in cultures at 37º C, it acquires a yeast morphology. Domestic cats are the most affected and are the main reservoirs of the disease. Its transmission occurs mainly through contact with the infected animal, through scratches or bites, and also by encountering the agent in the environment, such as in soil and plants. It is more common in tropical and subtropical countries, considered the most frequent subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America. It has great importance in the public health context, since Brazil has the largest number of cases among humans and cats, especially in the South and Southeast regions. It is usually limited to the cutaneous, subcutaneous and lymphatic tissues adjacent to the lesions and eventually spreads to the organs. In cats, the most common clinical presentation is the fixed and disseminated cutaneous form, with ulcerated, nodular lesions, with elevated borders and crust-like appearance, draining serosanguinolent and purulent secretion, usually located on the head, mainly snout and ears, and thoracic limbs. The definitive diagnosis is made by collecting samples for cytology, histopathology and mycological culture (gold standard). The association of itraconazole with potassium iodide is currently the most effective treatment. Thermotherapy, surgical removal and cryosurgery are adjuvant treatments that help in the treatment of sporotrichosis, especially in refractory cases. As prevention and control measures, there are awareness programs about responsible ownership, health education, diagnosis, accessible treatment, and proper disposal of carcasses
Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. In the environment or in cultures at 25º C, it presents itself in the saprophytic form of mycelium and, in the host or in cultures at 37º C, it acquires a yeast morphology. Domestic cats are the most affected and are the main reservoirs of the disease. Its transmission occurs mainly through contact with the infected animal, through scratches or bites, and also by encountering the agent in the environment, such as in soil and plants. It is more common in tropical and subtropical countries, considered the most frequent subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America. It has great importance in the public health context, since Brazil has the largest number of cases among humans and cats, especially in the South and Southeast regions. It is usually limited to the cutaneous, subcutaneous and lymphatic tissues adjacent to the lesions and eventually spreads to the organs. In cats, the most common clinical presentation is the fixed and disseminated cutaneous form, with ulcerated, nodular lesions, with elevated borders and crust-like appearance, draining serosanguinolent and purulent secretion, usually located on the head, mainly snout and ears, and thoracic limbs. The definitive diagnosis is made by collecting samples for cytology, histopathology and mycological culture (gold standard). The association of itraconazole with potassium iodide is currently the most effective treatment. Thermotherapy, surgical removal and cryosurgery are adjuvant treatments that help in the treatment of sporotrichosis, especially in refractory cases. As prevention and control measures, there are awareness programs about responsible ownership, health education, diagnosis, accessible treatment, and proper disposal of carcasses
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Medicina veterinária, Esporotricose, Zoonose, Felinos, Veterinary medicine, Zoonosis, Sporotrichosis, Feline