Estudos de trombos recuperados de pacientes após Isquemia Cerebral (Acidente Vascular Isquêmico Cerebral – AVCI)
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Data
2023-01-23
Autores
Ricci, Júlia Camargo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é a segunda maior causa de morte no Brasil e no mundo, e a principal causa de incapacidade funcional. Segundo o Centro de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças (CDC), cerca de 87% dos casos de AVC é do tipo isquêmico (AVCI), ou seja, ocasionado pela obstrução de uma artéria cerebral por um coágulo, reduzindo ou interrompendo o aporte de oxigênio. A isquemia pode provocar inflamação excessiva, com danos cerebrais consideráveis. Assim, avaliar a heterogeneidade dos trombos de pacientes com AVCI e a participação da proteína anti-inflamatória Anexina A1 (ANXA1) foi importante, principalmente pelo papel fundamental desta proteína como elemento regulatório das diversas funções celulares. Com este objetivo de análise, diferentes amostras de trombos foram coletadas de pacientes após procedimento de Trombectomia Mecânica e analisadas por técnicas histológica e imuno-histoquímica. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os trombos de AVCI apresentam alta heterogeneidade, com regiões ricas, principalmente, em fibrinas densas, plaquetas, leucócitos e glóbulos vermelhos. Os trombos ricos em fibrina apresentam aumento de leucócitos em relação aos trombos ricos em eritrócitos. Ainda, nossos resultados mostram que os leucócitos, nos trombos analisados, expressam a proteína ANXA1. Este fato pode representar um avanço nas investigações relacionadas da ANXA1 com os mecanismos envolvidos no processo isquêmico. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo são relevantes para a compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos neste processo, contribuindo como estratégia de tratamento e na confirmação etiológica do AVCI.
Stroke is the second leading cause of death in Brazil and worldwide, and the leading cause of functional disability. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 87% of stroke cases are of the ischemic type (CVA), that is, caused by the obstruction of a cerebral artery by a blood clot, reducing or interrupting the oxygen supply. Ischemia can cause excessive inflammation, with considerable brain damage. Thus, evaluating the heterogeneity of thrombi from stroke patients and the participation of the anti-inflammatory protein Annexin A1 (ANXA1) was important, mainly because of the fundamental role of this protein as a regulatory element of various cellular functions. With this analysis objective, different samples of thrombi were collected from patients after Mechanical Thrombectomy procedure and analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. The results obtained show that the thrombi from strokes present high heterogeneity, with regions rich mainly in dense fibrin, platelets, leukocytes and red blood cells. Fibrin-rich thrombi show an increase in leukocytes compared to erythrocyte-rich thrombi. Furthermore, our results show that the leukocytes in the analyzed thrombi express the ANXA1 protein. This fact may represent an advance in the investigations related to ANXA1 with the mechanisms involved in the ischemic process. The results obtained in this study are relevant for the understanding of the mechanisms involved in this process, contributing as a treatment strategy and in the etiological confirmation of the ischemic stroke.
Stroke is the second leading cause of death in Brazil and worldwide, and the leading cause of functional disability. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 87% of stroke cases are of the ischemic type (CVA), that is, caused by the obstruction of a cerebral artery by a blood clot, reducing or interrupting the oxygen supply. Ischemia can cause excessive inflammation, with considerable brain damage. Thus, evaluating the heterogeneity of thrombi from stroke patients and the participation of the anti-inflammatory protein Annexin A1 (ANXA1) was important, mainly because of the fundamental role of this protein as a regulatory element of various cellular functions. With this analysis objective, different samples of thrombi were collected from patients after Mechanical Thrombectomy procedure and analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. The results obtained show that the thrombi from strokes present high heterogeneity, with regions rich mainly in dense fibrin, platelets, leukocytes and red blood cells. Fibrin-rich thrombi show an increase in leukocytes compared to erythrocyte-rich thrombi. Furthermore, our results show that the leukocytes in the analyzed thrombi express the ANXA1 protein. This fact may represent an advance in the investigations related to ANXA1 with the mechanisms involved in the ischemic process. The results obtained in this study are relevant for the understanding of the mechanisms involved in this process, contributing as a treatment strategy and in the etiological confirmation of the ischemic stroke.
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Palavras-chave
Leucócitos, Isquemia, Imuno-histoquímica, Proteína Anexina A1, Inflamação, Leukocytes, Ischemia, Inflammation, Immunohistochemistry, Annexin A1 protein