Gestão dos recursos hídricos na bacia hidrográfica do rio Munim – MA
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Data
2022-12-06
Autores
Mendes, Jonas Jansen
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A diversidade de interesses nos recursos hídricos coloca em risco a disponibilidade, a oferta e a escassez das águas, sendo de relevante interesse a investigação, por meio dos instrumentos e indicadores de gerenciamento desse recurso natural. O uso dos recursos hídricos utilizados de forma insustentável tem colaborado para o desenvolvimento de conflitos entre os múltiplos usuários de água. Como estratégia para mediar esses conflitos, propõe-se a gestão dos recursos hídricos, no intuito de assegurar a disponibilidade desse patrimônio natural. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de compreender a gestão dos recursos hídricos do rio Munim - MA, a partir das suas características hidrológicas, conflitos de usos e potencialidades, visando o gerenciamento das águas. Como procedimento metodológico foi realizado pesquisas bibliográficas, pesquisas de campo, elaboração de material cartográfico, para manipulação e geração de produtos matriciais e vetoriais, visando a caracterização hidrológica e potencialidades de usos da terra, além da aplicação de questionários e indicadores que contribuíram na identificação da capacidade de gestão dos recursos hídricos. Os resultados revelaram que a bacia hidrográfica apresenta um relevo plano, com pouco escoamento superficial e alta infiltração de água no solo, a partir do índice de rugosidade, verificou-se que a área em estudo apresenta potencial para pastagem, no entanto, a maior demanda de água é para consumo humano e as maiores vazões para abastecimento público e mineração. A ação do comitê de bacia hidrográfica é considerada insuficiente por seus membros, por falta de recursos financeiros, má gestão ou baixa efetividade dos membros participantes, os indicadores de gestão demonstraram que nenhum município possui alta eficiência na gestão dos recursos hídricos, o que implica, em frágil estrutura organizacional. Em relação, ao uso e cobertura da terra, no ano de 2020 cerca de 90,49% da bacia hidrográfica é ocupada por formações florestais e as atividades econômicas em evidência é a pecuária, silvicultura e agricultura, principalmente com o desenvolvimento da soja na região, essa aptidão tornou-se evidente com o mapeamento do uso potencial da terra, indicando cerca de 97,93% do território, com potencialidade para agricultura ou pastagem. Logo, a análise integrada de fatores naturais, estruturais, formas de uso e os conflitos que ocorrem em uma bacia hidrográfica, colaboram para a indicação de modelos sustentáveis de desenvolvimento, formas de uso e ocupação da terra e a conservação ambiental.
The diversity of interests in water resources puts the availability, supply and scarcity of water at risk, being of relevant interest the investigation, through the instruments and indicators of management of this natural resource. The use of water resources used in an unsustainable way has contributed to the development of conflicts between multiple water users. As a strategy to mediate these conflicts, the management of water resources is proposed, in order to ensure the availability of this natural heritage. Therefore, the present research has the objective of understanding the management of the water resources of the Munim River - MA, from its hydrological characteristics, conflicts of uses and potentialities, aiming at the management of the waters. As a methodological procedure, bibliographic research was carried out, field research, elaboration of cartographic material, for manipulation and generation of matrix and vector products, aiming at the hydrological characterization and potential of land uses, in addition to the application of questionnaires and indicators that contributed to the identification of the water resources management capacity. The results revealed that the watershed has a flat relief, with little surface runoff and high water infiltration into the soil. of water is for human consumption and the highest flows for public supply and mining. The action of the river basin committee is considered insufficient by its members, due to lack of financial resources, poor management or low effectiveness of the participating members, the management indicators showed that no municipality has high efficiency in the management of water resources, which implies, in a fragile organizational structure. Regarding land use and land cover, in 2020, about 90.49% of the watershed is occupied by forest formations and the economic activities in evidence are livestock, forestry and agriculture, mainly with the development of soybeans in the region. region, this aptitude became evident with the mapping of the potential use of the land, indicating about 97.93% of the territory, with potential for agriculture or pasture. Therefore, the integrated analysis of natural and structural factors, forms of use and the conflicts that occur in a watershed, collaborate for the indication of sustainable models of development, forms of use and occupation of the land and the environmental conservation.
The diversity of interests in water resources puts the availability, supply and scarcity of water at risk, being of relevant interest the investigation, through the instruments and indicators of management of this natural resource. The use of water resources used in an unsustainable way has contributed to the development of conflicts between multiple water users. As a strategy to mediate these conflicts, the management of water resources is proposed, in order to ensure the availability of this natural heritage. Therefore, the present research has the objective of understanding the management of the water resources of the Munim River - MA, from its hydrological characteristics, conflicts of uses and potentialities, aiming at the management of the waters. As a methodological procedure, bibliographic research was carried out, field research, elaboration of cartographic material, for manipulation and generation of matrix and vector products, aiming at the hydrological characterization and potential of land uses, in addition to the application of questionnaires and indicators that contributed to the identification of the water resources management capacity. The results revealed that the watershed has a flat relief, with little surface runoff and high water infiltration into the soil. of water is for human consumption and the highest flows for public supply and mining. The action of the river basin committee is considered insufficient by its members, due to lack of financial resources, poor management or low effectiveness of the participating members, the management indicators showed that no municipality has high efficiency in the management of water resources, which implies, in a fragile organizational structure. Regarding land use and land cover, in 2020, about 90.49% of the watershed is occupied by forest formations and the economic activities in evidence are livestock, forestry and agriculture, mainly with the development of soybeans in the region. region, this aptitude became evident with the mapping of the potential use of the land, indicating about 97.93% of the territory, with potential for agriculture or pasture. Therefore, the integrated analysis of natural and structural factors, forms of use and the conflicts that occur in a watershed, collaborate for the indication of sustainable models of development, forms of use and occupation of the land and the environmental conservation.
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Hidrografia, Rios, Hydrography DLC