Análise do conhecimento sobre HPV de responsáveis e alunos do terceiro ano do ensino médio da Escola Estadual Bady bassit
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Data
2023-01-16
Autores
Almeida, Gabriel Cimonetti de
Ribeiro, Iago Siviero
Marzochi, Ludimila Leite
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
HPV é a sigla que abrevia o termo papilomavírus humano. Este patógeno está diretamente relacionado aos vários tipos de câncer, principalmente os da região genital e de cabeça e pescoço. A vacina contra o HPV foi incluída no calendário vacinal em 2014, entretanto, apesar da ampla experiência do Brasil na realização de programas de imunização nacional, a cobertura de vacinação contra o HPV segue contrariando as expectativas. Assim, o presente projeto teve como objetivo compreender e analisar o nível de conhecimento dos alunos do ensino médio de uma escola da rede estadual em São José do Rio Preto – SP quanto a biologia do Papilomavírus e a importância social da vacinação contra o vírus. Para isso, os alunos e seus responsáveis responderam um questionário contendo uma série de perguntadas sobre o tema, posteriormente foram realizadas aulas a fim de esclarecer dúvidas dos alunos e auxiliá-los no processo de aprendizado sobre o HPV, sua associação com o câncer e quanto a construção de vacinas e sua importância. O conhecimento sobre a existência da vacina é amplo entre os responsáveis entrevistados (75% afirmaram saber da disponibilidade e gratuidade do imunizante no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)), além disso, 50% afirmaram que os adolescentes pelos quais são responsáveis tomaram a vacina contra o HPV. Quando questionados sobre HPV, 95% dos alunos participantes afirmaram já terem ouvido falar sobre. Dentre estes 85% responderam que a principal forma de transmissão se dá por via sexual. Com relação às formas de prevenção 47,5% apontaram o uso de camisinha, e 17,5% responderam camisinha e vacinação. 70% dos alunos demonstraram ter conhecimento da associação do HPV com o processo de carcinogênese, todavia apenas 40% afirmaram que o vírus está associado a diferentes tipos de câncer. Apesar da menor adesão na taxa de resposta do segundo questionário em relação ao primeiro, pode-se comprovar a eficácia informativa das aulas ministradas pelo aumento relativo das porcentagens à respeito das formas de contaminação e prevenção do HPV, os tipos de câncer relacionados aos vírus e, principalmente, em relação ao público-alvo da vacinação e a sua disponibilidade através do Sistema Único de Saúde.
HPV is the abbreviation for the term human papillomavirus. This pathogen is directly related to various types of cancer, especially those of the genital region and head and neck. The HPV vaccine was included in the vaccination schedule in 2014, however, despite Brazil's extensive experience in carrying out national immunization programs, vaccination coverage against HPV continues to go against expectations. Thus, the present project aimed to understand and analyze the level of knowledge of high school students from a state school in Sao Jose do Rio Preto - SP regarding the biology of the Papillomavirus and the social importance of vaccination against it. For this, the students and their guardians answered a questionnaire containing a series of questions on the subject, later classes were held in order to clarify students' doubts and help them in the learning process about HPV, its association with cancer and how to construct of vaccines and their importance. Knowledge about the existence of the vaccine is wide among the interviewed guardians (75% said they knew about the availability and free of charge of immunization in the Unified Health System (SUS)), in addition, 50% stated that the adolescents for whom they are responsible had taken the vaccine against HPV. When asked about HPV, 95% of participating students said they had heard about it. Among these, 85% answered that the main form of transmission is through sex. With regard to forms of prevention, 47.5% indicated the use of condoms, and 17.5% answered condoms and vaccination. 70% of them demonstrated being aware of the association of HPV with the carcinogenesis process, however, only 40% stated that the virus is associated with different types of cancer. Despite the lower adherence in the response rate of the second questionnaire compared to the first, one can prove the informative effectiveness of the classes given by the relative increase in the percentages regarding the forms of contamination and prevention of HPV, the types of cancer-related the viruses and, mainly in relation to the target audience for vaccination and its availability through the Unified Health System.
HPV is the abbreviation for the term human papillomavirus. This pathogen is directly related to various types of cancer, especially those of the genital region and head and neck. The HPV vaccine was included in the vaccination schedule in 2014, however, despite Brazil's extensive experience in carrying out national immunization programs, vaccination coverage against HPV continues to go against expectations. Thus, the present project aimed to understand and analyze the level of knowledge of high school students from a state school in Sao Jose do Rio Preto - SP regarding the biology of the Papillomavirus and the social importance of vaccination against it. For this, the students and their guardians answered a questionnaire containing a series of questions on the subject, later classes were held in order to clarify students' doubts and help them in the learning process about HPV, its association with cancer and how to construct of vaccines and their importance. Knowledge about the existence of the vaccine is wide among the interviewed guardians (75% said they knew about the availability and free of charge of immunization in the Unified Health System (SUS)), in addition, 50% stated that the adolescents for whom they are responsible had taken the vaccine against HPV. When asked about HPV, 95% of participating students said they had heard about it. Among these, 85% answered that the main form of transmission is through sex. With regard to forms of prevention, 47.5% indicated the use of condoms, and 17.5% answered condoms and vaccination. 70% of them demonstrated being aware of the association of HPV with the carcinogenesis process, however, only 40% stated that the virus is associated with different types of cancer. Despite the lower adherence in the response rate of the second questionnaire compared to the first, one can prove the informative effectiveness of the classes given by the relative increase in the percentages regarding the forms of contamination and prevention of HPV, the types of cancer-related the viruses and, mainly in relation to the target audience for vaccination and its availability through the Unified Health System.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Papilomavírus humano, Câncer, Vacinação, Divulgação científica, Human papillomavirus, Cancer, Vaccination, Scientific divulgation