A ação da Piper nigrum na apoptose e ciclo celular em adenocarcinoma cervical
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Data
2023-01-26
Autores
Amadeu, Amanda
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O câncer de colo de útero, ou câncer cervical, é um dos tumores que mais acomete a população mundial feminina, à medida que consiste no quarto tipo de câncer mais incidente e na quarta principal causa de mortes por câncer no mundo. As maiores taxas de incidência e mortalidade por câncer cervical no mundo ocorrem em países de baixa e média renda, principalmente devido ao acesso precário aos serviços de saúde destinados à triagem, detecção e tratamento precoce das lesões precursoras do câncer, os quais estão totalmente indisponíveis em alguns países. A infecção persistente pelo Vírus do Papiloma Humano é o principal fator associado à etiologia do câncer cervical, sobretudo em populações de baixa e média renda. Diversos fatores atuam induzindo o desenvolvimento do câncer cervical, sobretudo, quando associado aos genótipos carcinogênicos do Vírus do Papiloma Humano, entre eles estão os estrogênios. Nesse sentido, moléculas antiestrogênicas como os fitoestrógenos seriam capazes de inibir a proliferação celular descontrolada e induzir as células tumorais. Sendo assim, a busca por fitoterápicos que apresentem estes compostos têm sido de interesse para o desenvolvimento de terapias ou tratamento adjuvantes com efeitos menos agressivos do que aquele apresentado pelos quimioterápicos mais utilizados. Por isso, o presente estudo objetivou o estudo da ação do extrato bruto e da fração com acetato de etila das folhas da Piper nigrum sobre a linhagem celular HeLa (adenocarcinoma cervical) e HaCaT (queratinócitos humanos normais) para fins de comparação entre os efeitos que cada extrato exerceu sobre as células tumorais e saudáveis. Os resultados evidenciaram que os extratos da folha, assim como os do fruto, são eficientes no tratamento desse tipo de câncer ao atuar na parada do ciclo celular e induzir as células tumorais à morte por apoptose, o que revelou que esses extratos merecem mais estudos para que seus compostos ativos e mecanismos de atuação sejam melhores conhecidos para então serem utilizados como um fitoterápico seguro e efetivo.
The cervical cancer is one of the tumors that most affects the female population worldwide, as it is the fourth most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. The highest incidence and mortality rates for cervical cancer in the world occur in low- and middle-income countries, mainly due to precarious access to health services aimed at screening, detection and early treatment of cancer precursor lesions, which are totally unavailable in some countries. Persistent infection with the Human Papilloma Virus is the main factor associated with the etiology of cervical cancer, especially in low- and middle-income populations. Several factors act to induce the development of cervical cancer, especially when associated with the carcinogenic genotypes of the Human Papilloma Virus, among which are estrogens. In this sense, antiestrogenic molecules such as phytoestrogens would be capable of inhibiting uncontrolled cell proliferation and inducing tumor cells. Therefore, the search for herbal medicines that present these compounds has been of interest for the development of therapies or adjuvant treatments with less aggressive effects than those presented by the most used chemotherapeutics. Therefore, the present study aimed to study the action of the crude extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of Piper nigrum on the cell line HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma) and HaCaT (normal human keratinocytes) for the purpose of comparing the effects that each extract exerted on tumor and healthy cells. The results showed that extracts from the leaf, as well as those from the fruit, are efficient in the treatment of this type of cancer by acting in the arrest of the cell cycle and inducing tumor cells to die by apoptosis, which revealed that these extracts deserve further studies to be carried out. that its active compounds and mechanisms of action are better known so that they can be used as a safe and effective herbal medicine.
The cervical cancer is one of the tumors that most affects the female population worldwide, as it is the fourth most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. The highest incidence and mortality rates for cervical cancer in the world occur in low- and middle-income countries, mainly due to precarious access to health services aimed at screening, detection and early treatment of cancer precursor lesions, which are totally unavailable in some countries. Persistent infection with the Human Papilloma Virus is the main factor associated with the etiology of cervical cancer, especially in low- and middle-income populations. Several factors act to induce the development of cervical cancer, especially when associated with the carcinogenic genotypes of the Human Papilloma Virus, among which are estrogens. In this sense, antiestrogenic molecules such as phytoestrogens would be capable of inhibiting uncontrolled cell proliferation and inducing tumor cells. Therefore, the search for herbal medicines that present these compounds has been of interest for the development of therapies or adjuvant treatments with less aggressive effects than those presented by the most used chemotherapeutics. Therefore, the present study aimed to study the action of the crude extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of Piper nigrum on the cell line HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma) and HaCaT (normal human keratinocytes) for the purpose of comparing the effects that each extract exerted on tumor and healthy cells. The results showed that extracts from the leaf, as well as those from the fruit, are efficient in the treatment of this type of cancer by acting in the arrest of the cell cycle and inducing tumor cells to die by apoptosis, which revealed that these extracts deserve further studies to be carried out. that its active compounds and mechanisms of action are better known so that they can be used as a safe and effective herbal medicine.
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Palavras-chave
Câncer, Fitoterápico, Extrato de folha, HeLa, HaCaT, Cancer, Phytotherapy, Leaf extract