Presença de retardantes de chama bromados em resíduos poliméricos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos
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Data
2023-02-24
Autores
Melo, Hansel David Burgos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os retardantes de chama bromados (BFRs) são considerados Poluentes Orgânicos Persistentes (POPs) e representam um grupo de substâncias químicas orgânicas sintéticas resistentes ao processo natural de degradação físico-química e biológica. Desta forma, os BFRs, em especial os éteres de difenil polibromados (PBDEs) já foram proibidos em muitos países por suas propriedades perigosas à saúde e persistência ambiental. No Brasil, ainda são escassos os trabalhos estudando a presença desses contaminantes, em especial em resíduos eletroeletrônicos. Considerando a necessidade da implementação de uma economia circular no país, e a adequação das legislações existentes, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de retardantes de PBDEs em resíduos poliméricos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos (REEE) na Região Metropolitana de Sorocaba, São Paulo – Brasil. Para isso, foram coletadas 159 amostras de REEE, e após extração adequada com diclorometano e foram feitas quantificações de PBDEs (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183 e -209) por cromatografia gasosa e detecção por espectrometria de massas (CG/MS). Os resultados mostraram a presença de PBDEs em 149 amostras, das quais 18 amostras ultrapassam o Limite de Baixa Concentração de Poluentes Orgânicos Persistentes (LPCL) com concentrações maiores de 1.000 mg Kg-1 de PBDEs. O BDE-209 foi o mais abundante e o BDE-47 o presente em menor concentração. Principalmente, as amostras provenientes de TV CRT tiveram as concentrações maiores de PBDEs e o maior número de amostras que ultrapassaram o LPCL (11 amostras), seguido por aparelhos de som, TV LCD e por último, partes de computadores. Aproximadamente 549.064 t/ano de polímeros provenientes REEE foram gerados em 2020, dos quais pode se estimar que 12.810,49 toneladas representariam PBDEs, o que equivale a cerca de 2,3% (m/m). Desta forma, os resultados obtidos mostram a necessidade de um maior controle e monitoramento da presença desses contaminantes nos REEE antes de sua reciclagem e disposição final, visando uma economia circular e sustentável.
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are considered Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and represent a group of synthetic organic chemicals resistant to the natural process of physical-chemical and biological degradation. In this way, BFRs, in particular polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have already been banned in many countries due to their properties dangerous to health and persistent to the environment. In Brazil, there are still few works that study the presence of these contaminants, especially in electronic waste. Considering the importance to implement a circular economy in the country, and the improvement of existing legislation, the objective of this work was to evaluate the presence of PBDEs in polymeric waste from electronic equipment, appliances and telecommunication equipment (WEEE) in the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba, Sao Paulo – Brazil. For this, 159 samples of WEEE were collected, and after properly requested with dichloromethane and analyzes of PBDEs (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183 and -209) were performed by gas chromatography and detection by mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed the presence of PBDEs in 149 samples, of which 18 samples exceeded the Low POPs Concentration Limit (LPCL) with concentrations greater than 1,000 mg Kg-1 of PBDEs. BDE-209 was the most abundant and BDE-47 was present in the lowest concentration. Mainly, samples coming from TV CRT had the highest concentrations of PBDEs and the highest number of samples that exceeded the LPCL (11 samples), followed by stereos, LCD TV and lastly, computer parts. Approximately 549,064 t/year of polymers from WEEE were generated in 2020, of which it can be estimated that 12,810.49 tons would represent PBDEs, which is equivalent to about 2.16% (m/m). In this way, the results obtained show the need for greater control and monitoring of the presence of these contaminants in WEEE before recycling and final disposal, aiming at a circular and sustainable economy.
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are considered Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and represent a group of synthetic organic chemicals resistant to the natural process of physical-chemical and biological degradation. In this way, BFRs, in particular polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have already been banned in many countries due to their properties dangerous to health and persistent to the environment. In Brazil, there are still few works that study the presence of these contaminants, especially in electronic waste. Considering the importance to implement a circular economy in the country, and the improvement of existing legislation, the objective of this work was to evaluate the presence of PBDEs in polymeric waste from electronic equipment, appliances and telecommunication equipment (WEEE) in the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba, Sao Paulo – Brazil. For this, 159 samples of WEEE were collected, and after properly requested with dichloromethane and analyzes of PBDEs (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183 and -209) were performed by gas chromatography and detection by mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed the presence of PBDEs in 149 samples, of which 18 samples exceeded the Low POPs Concentration Limit (LPCL) with concentrations greater than 1,000 mg Kg-1 of PBDEs. BDE-209 was the most abundant and BDE-47 was present in the lowest concentration. Mainly, samples coming from TV CRT had the highest concentrations of PBDEs and the highest number of samples that exceeded the LPCL (11 samples), followed by stereos, LCD TV and lastly, computer parts. Approximately 549,064 t/year of polymers from WEEE were generated in 2020, of which it can be estimated that 12,810.49 tons would represent PBDEs, which is equivalent to about 2.16% (m/m). In this way, the results obtained show the need for greater control and monitoring of the presence of these contaminants in WEEE before recycling and final disposal, aiming at a circular and sustainable economy.
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Palavras-chave
Poluentes, Toxicologia ambiental, Direito ambiental