Prevalência de comorbidades não relacionadas à aids e típicas do envelhecimento de pacientes com infecção pelo HIV/aids diagnosticados há 20 anos ou mais e em uso prolongado de antirretrovirais
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Data
2023-02-23
Autores
Vicioli, Laura Beatriz de Camargo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As pessoas que vivem com HIV diagnosticadas e tratadas em longo prazo podem apresentar uma série de complicações associadas ao seu envelhecimento precoce, incluindo alterações metabólicas, osteoarticulares, cardiovasculares ou neoplásicas. O principal objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de comorbidades não relacionadas à aids e típicas do envelhecimento de pessoas que vivem com HIV diagnosticadas há 20 anos ou mais e em uso prolongado de antirretrovirais. Os objetivos específicos foram comparar pessoas com diagnóstico há 20 anos ou mais e em uso prolongado de antirretrovirais e com diagnóstico mais recente e tempo de TARV mais curto, e com a mesma faixa em relação ao risco das comorbidades e estudar a prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares, metabólicas, renais, ósseas e neoplásicas. Tratou-se de estudo de coorte retrospectiva, em que foram estudadas 160 pessoas que vivem com HIV, divididas em dois grupos, G1, com 63 pessoas com diagnóstico da infecção pelo HIV há mais de 20 anos e G2, composto por 97 pessoas com diagnóstico da infecção entre dois e cinco anos, atendidos no Serviço de Ambulatórios Especializados de Infectologia Domingos Alves Meira, do complexo Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Com base nos resultados encontrados, foi possível observar predomínio de risco cardiovascular, dislipidemia e alterações ósseas no G1, quando comparado às variáveis grupos e tempo de tratamento (p<0,05). Nas associações entre mesma faixa etária no G1 e G2 em relação ao risco das comorbidades estudadas, houve predomínio de alterações metabólicas, nas faixas etárias 50 a 60 anos e 60 anos ou mais (p<0,003). Concluiu-se risco mais elevado de comorbidades associadas a pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids há mais de 20 anos, porém o tempo de tratamento não necessariamente influenciou no risco de desenvolvimento das mesmas. Palavras chave: HIV/Aids, células TCD4+, comorbidades, envelhecimento precoce.
People living with HIV who are diagnosed and treated a long term may experience a number of complications associated with their early aging, including metabolic, osteoarticular, cardiovascular or neoplastic changes. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of comorbidities unrelated to aids and typical of aging in people living with HIV diagnosed 20 years or more ago and long-term use of antiretroviral drugs. The specific objectives were to compare comparing people with a diagnosis 20 years ago or more and on prolonged use of antiretrovirals and with a more recent diagnosis and shorter ART time, and with the same range in relation to the risk of the comorbidities and study the prevalence of cardiovascular, metabolic renal, bone and neoplastic diseases. This was a retrospective cohort study, in which 160 people living with HIV were studied, divided into two groups, G1, with 63 people diagnosed with HIV infection for over 20 years and G2, consisting of 97 people diagnosed with the infection from 2 to 5 years attending the Domingos Alves Meira Specialized Infectious Diseases Outpatient Service, of the Clinics Hospital of the Botucatu Medical School complex. Based on the results found, it was possible to observe a predominance of cardiovascular risk, diabetes, dyslipidemia and bone changes in G1, when compared to the groups and treatment time variables (p<0.05). In the associations between same age group G1 and G2 in relation to the risk of the studied comorbidities, there was a predominance of metabolic alterations, in the age groups 50 to 60 years and 60 years or more (p<0,003). We conclude that people who have been living with HIV/AIDS for more than 20 years are at a higher risk for comorbidities, but the time of treatment does not necessarily influence the risk of developing them. Key words: HIV/aids, TCD4+ cells, comorbidities, premature aging.
People living with HIV who are diagnosed and treated a long term may experience a number of complications associated with their early aging, including metabolic, osteoarticular, cardiovascular or neoplastic changes. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of comorbidities unrelated to aids and typical of aging in people living with HIV diagnosed 20 years or more ago and long-term use of antiretroviral drugs. The specific objectives were to compare comparing people with a diagnosis 20 years ago or more and on prolonged use of antiretrovirals and with a more recent diagnosis and shorter ART time, and with the same range in relation to the risk of the comorbidities and study the prevalence of cardiovascular, metabolic renal, bone and neoplastic diseases. This was a retrospective cohort study, in which 160 people living with HIV were studied, divided into two groups, G1, with 63 people diagnosed with HIV infection for over 20 years and G2, consisting of 97 people diagnosed with the infection from 2 to 5 years attending the Domingos Alves Meira Specialized Infectious Diseases Outpatient Service, of the Clinics Hospital of the Botucatu Medical School complex. Based on the results found, it was possible to observe a predominance of cardiovascular risk, diabetes, dyslipidemia and bone changes in G1, when compared to the groups and treatment time variables (p<0.05). In the associations between same age group G1 and G2 in relation to the risk of the studied comorbidities, there was a predominance of metabolic alterations, in the age groups 50 to 60 years and 60 years or more (p<0,003). We conclude that people who have been living with HIV/AIDS for more than 20 years are at a higher risk for comorbidities, but the time of treatment does not necessarily influence the risk of developing them. Key words: HIV/aids, TCD4+ cells, comorbidities, premature aging.
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Células TCD4+, Envelhecimento precoce, HIV, AIDS (Doença), Linfócitos TCD4-positivos, Comorbidade, Senilidade prematura