Fluxo de implantação do plano de ação de emergência (PAE) de barragens de armazenamento de água sob a ótica das diretrizes legais brasileiras
Data
2022-04-14
Autores
Oliveira, Laís Angélica Paschoalinoto de
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A diversidade de aplicação para barragens, aliada à crescente demanda por água e energia em escala global tem desafiado a engenharia a evoluir acelera-damente, desenvolvendo novas tecnologias e aperfeiçoando soluções já exis-tentes. Neste contexto, os recentes acontecimentos observados no cenário nacional com rompimentos de barragens, levantam a discussão sobre os meios e recursos disponíveis para melhorar os procedimentos de segurança acerca destas estruturas e, principalmente, dos vales a jusante delas. Assim, neste trabalho, buscou-se avaliar, por meio de revisão bibliográfica nacional e inter-nacional, os procedimentos adotados para atuação em caso de emergências em barragens. No Brasil, regem este tema basicamente duas legislações: a Política Nacional de Segurança de Barragens – PNSB – e a Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil – PNPDEC. A primeira dispõe sobre a documenta-ção e procedimentos a serem adotados pelo empreendedor – responsável pela gestão da barragem – para manutenção e garantia da segurança da estrutura e do vale a jusante. A segunda determina os instrumentos e recursos a serem utilizados pelo sistema de Proteção e Defesa Civil para prover condições ade-quadas de planejamento e execução das ações de mitigação, prevenção, pre-paração, resposta e recuperação. No entanto, o ponto mais crítico observado a partir desta análise foi a necessidade de serem estabelecidos instrumentos de conexão entre elas. Por isso, propôs-se, neste estudo, uma metodologia de implantação do Plano de Ação de Emergência, de modo a facilitar a integração entre os agentes envolvidos nas ações pertinentes à Proteção e Defesa Civil e segurança de barragens. Para tanto, sugeriu-se a revisão de um ciclo de ge-renciamento de riscos e emergências definido anteriormente à promulgação das duas políticas citadas; um fluxo de ações de implantação do PAE pautado na estratégia de comunicação entre os agentes e, por fim, a materialização do processo por meio de uma plataforma online de conteúdo acessível e exequí-vel para os diferentes públicos. Como resultado, obteve-se um material de ba-se para a implantação do PAE de barragem, com vistas a facilitar o entendi-mento dos agentes envolvidos, permitir uma melhor articulação entre esses e, consequentemente, criar um ambiente mais colaborativo e tecnológico, com melhores soluções e resultados para a sociedade.
The diversity of applications for dams, combined with the growing demand for water and energy on a global scale, has challenged engineering to evolve rapid-ly, developing new technologies and improving existing solutions. In this con-text, the recent events observed on the national scene with dam failures, raise the discussion about the means and resources available to improve safety pro-cedures regarding these structures and, mainly, the valleys downstream from them. Thus, in this work, we sought to evaluate, through a national and interna-tional bibliographical review, the procedures adopted to act in case of emergen-cies in dams. In Brazil, this topic basically governs two legislations: the National Policy for Safety of Dams – PNSB – and the National Policy for Protection and Civil Defense – PNPDEC. The first provides for the documentation and proce-dures to be adopted by the entrepreneur – responsible for managing the dam – for maintenance and guaranteeing the safety of the structure and the down-stream valley. The second determines the instruments and resources to be used by the Civil Defense and Protection system to provide adequate conditions for planning and executing mitigation, prevention, preparation, response and recovery actions. However, the most critical point observed from this analysis was the need to establish connection instruments between them. Therefore, in this study, a methodology for implementing the Emergency Action Plan was proposed, in order to facilitate the integration between the agents involved in actions related to Civil Defense and Protection and dam safety. To this end, a review of a risk and emergency management cycle defined prior to the enact-ment of the two aforementioned policies was suggested; a flow of PAE imple-mentation actions based on the communication strategy between the agents and, finally, the materialization of the process through an online platform with accessible and feasible content for different audiences. As a result, basic mate-rial was obtained for the implementation of the dam PAE, with a view to facilitat-ing the understanding of the agents involved, allowing a better articulation be-tween them and, consequently, creating a more collaborative and technological environment, with better solutions and results for society.
The diversity of applications for dams, combined with the growing demand for water and energy on a global scale, has challenged engineering to evolve rapid-ly, developing new technologies and improving existing solutions. In this con-text, the recent events observed on the national scene with dam failures, raise the discussion about the means and resources available to improve safety pro-cedures regarding these structures and, mainly, the valleys downstream from them. Thus, in this work, we sought to evaluate, through a national and interna-tional bibliographical review, the procedures adopted to act in case of emergen-cies in dams. In Brazil, this topic basically governs two legislations: the National Policy for Safety of Dams – PNSB – and the National Policy for Protection and Civil Defense – PNPDEC. The first provides for the documentation and proce-dures to be adopted by the entrepreneur – responsible for managing the dam – for maintenance and guaranteeing the safety of the structure and the down-stream valley. The second determines the instruments and resources to be used by the Civil Defense and Protection system to provide adequate conditions for planning and executing mitigation, prevention, preparation, response and recovery actions. However, the most critical point observed from this analysis was the need to establish connection instruments between them. Therefore, in this study, a methodology for implementing the Emergency Action Plan was proposed, in order to facilitate the integration between the agents involved in actions related to Civil Defense and Protection and dam safety. To this end, a review of a risk and emergency management cycle defined prior to the enact-ment of the two aforementioned policies was suggested; a flow of PAE imple-mentation actions based on the communication strategy between the agents and, finally, the materialization of the process through an online platform with accessible and feasible content for different audiences. As a result, basic mate-rial was obtained for the implementation of the dam PAE, with a view to facilitat-ing the understanding of the agents involved, allowing a better articulation be-tween them and, consequently, creating a more collaborative and technological environment, with better solutions and results for society.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Segurança de barragens, Plano de Ação de Emergência (PAE), Implantação do PAE, Dam safety, Emergency Action Plan (EAP), Implantation of the EAP