Biodiversidade de hemoparasitos associados a anfíbios e répteis das regiões centro-oeste e sudeste no Brasil
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Data
2023-03-03
Autores
Úngari, Letícia Pereira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil é considerado um país rico em fauna silvestre, sendo o terceiro colocado no ranking de biodiversidade de répteis e o primeiro colocado no ranking de biodiversidade de anfíbios. Entretanto, apesar de existirem estudos sobre parasitos nestes animais na região Neotropical, ainda há muito a se conhecer sobre a diversidade de parasitos neste grupo de animais. Com isso, o objetivo desse projeto foi identificar e caracterizar a biodiversidade de espécies de hemoparasitos (haemogregarinas e tripanossomas) e ectoparasitos (sanguessugas) associados a répteis e anfíbios procedentes das Regiões Centro-Oeste e Sudeste Brasileiras, abrangendo os Biomas Cerrado e Mata Atlântica considerados os principais em diversidade de herpetofauna. No total, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 445 animais, sendo 136 répteis (45 crocodilianos, 45 testudines, 31 lagartos e 15 serpentes) e 309 anuros (54 sapos, 161 rãs e 94 pererecas), para análise morfológica, morfométrica e molecular dos hemoparasitos. Além disso, alguns animais foram eutanasiados para coleta de tecidos (fígado, baço, rim, coração e pulmão). Desse total, através da análise morfológica, foram observados 183 (41,30%) animais positivos. Dos 136 répteis, 80 (58,82%) estavam infectados, sendo 31 (68,88%) crocodilianos, 39 (86,66%) testudines e 11 (73,33%) serpentes. Dos anuros, 102 (33%) estavam infectados, sendo 2 (3,7%) sapos, 54 (33,54%) rãs e 46 (48,93%) pererecas. Quatro anuros estavam coinfectados com haemogregarinas e tripanossomas. Além disso, durante contenção desses animais, os mesmos foram inspecionados para presença de ectoparasitos, já que são considerados vetores de vários patógenos, e foram observadas sanguessugas aderidas aos quelônios aquáticos e ácaros em anuros e répteis coletados. Através das análises morfológicas e moleculares, foi possível identificar: tripanossomas acometendo anfíbios, três novas espécies de Hepatozoon e duas novas espécies de Dactylosoma (Dactylosomatidae) em anuros; três novas espécies de 22 Hepatozoon, além de Hepatozoon cevapii e Hepatozoon cuestensis acometendo serpentes; três possíveis novas espécies de Hepatozoon em crocodilianos Caiman crocodilus; seis novas espécies de Haemogregarina em testudines Podocnemis uniflis e Podocnemis expansa; e sanguessugas, consideradas possíveis vetores na transmissão de haemogregarinas em testudines brasileiros, com a identificação de uma nova espécie deste possível vetor. De acordo com as análises executadas até o momento, foi possível observar grande diversidade de hemoparasitos acometendo a herpetofauna das regiões Centro-Oeste e Sudeste do Brasil. Esse resultado reforça a necessidade de mais estudos sobre esses hemoparasitos, sendo a taxonomia prioritária nesse quesito, com a identificação e descrição dessa diversidade de parasitos
Brazil is considered a country rich in wild fauna, being the third place in the reptile biodiversity ranking and the first place in the amphibian biodiversity ranking. However, although there are studies on parasites in these animals in the Neotropical region, there are so much more to know about the diversity of these pararasites. Thus, the objective of this project was to identify and characterize the biodiversity of hemoparasite species (haemogregarines and trypanosomes) and ectoparasites associated with reptiles and amphibians from the Center-West and Southeast regions of Brazil, covering the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest Biomes, considered the main in herpetofauna diversity. In total, blood samples were collected from 445 animals, 136 of which were reptiles (45 crocodilians, 45 testudines, 31 lizards and 15 snakes) and 309 anurans, for morphological, morphometric and molecular analysis. Besides, some animals were euthanized for tissue collection (liver, spleen, kidney, heart and lung) as well. Of this total, through morphological analysis, 183 (41.30%) positive animals were observed. Of the 136 reptiles, 80 (58.82%) were infected, being 31 (68.88%) crocodilians, 39 (86.66%) testudines and 11 (73.33%) snakes. Of the anurans, 102 (33%) were positive. Four anurans were co-infected with haemogregarines and trypanosomatids. In addition, during containment of these animals, they were inspected for the presence of ectoparasites, since they are considered vectors of several pathogens, and leeches were observed attached to some aquatic turtles and mites and ticks in reptiles and anurans. Through morphological and molecular analyses, it was possible to identify: trypanosomatids affecting amphibians, three new species of Hepatozoon and two new species of Dactylosoma (Dactylosomatidae) in anurans, three new species of Hepatozoon besides the identification of Hepatozoon cevapii and Hepatozoon cuestensis in Brazilian snakes, three possible new species of Hepatozoon in crocodilians of the species Caiman 26 crocodilus; six new species of Haemogregarina in testudines of the species Podocnemis uniflis and Podocnemis expansa, and leeches considered possible vectors in the transmission of haemogregarines in Brazilian testudines, with the identification of a new species of these probably vectors. According to the study, it was possible to observe a great diversity of hemoparasites affecting the herpetofauna of the Center-West and Southeast regions of Brazil. This result reinforces the need for further studies on these hemoparasites, with taxonomy being a priority in this regard, with the identification and description of this diversity of parasites
Brazil is considered a country rich in wild fauna, being the third place in the reptile biodiversity ranking and the first place in the amphibian biodiversity ranking. However, although there are studies on parasites in these animals in the Neotropical region, there are so much more to know about the diversity of these pararasites. Thus, the objective of this project was to identify and characterize the biodiversity of hemoparasite species (haemogregarines and trypanosomes) and ectoparasites associated with reptiles and amphibians from the Center-West and Southeast regions of Brazil, covering the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest Biomes, considered the main in herpetofauna diversity. In total, blood samples were collected from 445 animals, 136 of which were reptiles (45 crocodilians, 45 testudines, 31 lizards and 15 snakes) and 309 anurans, for morphological, morphometric and molecular analysis. Besides, some animals were euthanized for tissue collection (liver, spleen, kidney, heart and lung) as well. Of this total, through morphological analysis, 183 (41.30%) positive animals were observed. Of the 136 reptiles, 80 (58.82%) were infected, being 31 (68.88%) crocodilians, 39 (86.66%) testudines and 11 (73.33%) snakes. Of the anurans, 102 (33%) were positive. Four anurans were co-infected with haemogregarines and trypanosomatids. In addition, during containment of these animals, they were inspected for the presence of ectoparasites, since they are considered vectors of several pathogens, and leeches were observed attached to some aquatic turtles and mites and ticks in reptiles and anurans. Through morphological and molecular analyses, it was possible to identify: trypanosomatids affecting amphibians, three new species of Hepatozoon and two new species of Dactylosoma (Dactylosomatidae) in anurans, three new species of Hepatozoon besides the identification of Hepatozoon cevapii and Hepatozoon cuestensis in Brazilian snakes, three possible new species of Hepatozoon in crocodilians of the species Caiman 26 crocodilus; six new species of Haemogregarina in testudines of the species Podocnemis uniflis and Podocnemis expansa, and leeches considered possible vectors in the transmission of haemogregarines in Brazilian testudines, with the identification of a new species of these probably vectors. According to the study, it was possible to observe a great diversity of hemoparasites affecting the herpetofauna of the Center-West and Southeast regions of Brazil. This result reinforces the need for further studies on these hemoparasites, with taxonomy being a priority in this regard, with the identification and description of this diversity of parasites
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Palavras-chave
Anuros, Répteis, Biodiversidade, Trypanosoma, Haemogregarina, Hepatozoon, Dactylosoma, Parasitologia