Cetáceos e tráfego marinho na Bacia de Santos: uma abordagem espacializada de avaliação de risco
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Data
2023-03-22
Autores
Pratezi, Murilo Rainha
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os cetáceos estão presentes em todos os oceanos e coexistem com a crescente intensificação das atividades associadas ao meio aquático, sendo o tráfego de embarcações motorizadas uma das principais atividades antrópicas neste ambiente. O estudo de correlações espaciais possibilita elaborar respostas adequadas para esses impactos. Desta forma, este projeto investigou a correlação espacial entre a distribuição de cetáceos e as atividades de tráfego marinho na Bacia de Santos, Brasil. Foram coletadas informações de dois bancos de dados distintos, sendo o primeiro referente a distribuição de cetáceos e o outro sobre os tipos de tráfego marinho em geral. Foram obtidos 2352 registros de cetáceos e 718777 de embarcações. Posteriormente, foram realizadas análises de Similaridade Estrutural com o intuito de identificar sobreposição de nicho, com um resultado correspondente a 0,88. Além disso, foram realizadas as análises do vizinho mais próximo e o método fixo de densidade Kernel, o que permitiu identificar registros de sobreposição do tráfego com cetáceos e a confecção de mapas de calor, respectivamente. Mediante as informações relevantes identificadas, estratégias de conservação mandatórias e voluntárias foram então propostas. Entre as principais, estão a redução de velocidade e zonas de exclusão voluntárias. Espera-se que este trabalho contribua para a implementação destas estratégias na área estudada, assim como para com a conservação de cetáceos e da biodiversidade de Áreas Marinhas Protegidas.
Cetaceans inhabit all oceans and coexist with the increasing intensification of activities associated with the aquatic environment, with motorized vessel traffic being one of the main human activities in this environment. The study of spatial correlations makes it possible to elaborate adequate responses to these impacts. Therefore, this project investigated the spatial correlation between cetacean distribution and marine traffic activities in the Santos Basin, Brazil. Information was collected from two different databases, the first referring to the distribution of cetaceans and the other on the types of marine traffic in general. 2352 records of cetaceans and 718777 of vessels were obtained. Subsequently, Structural Similarity analyzes were carried out in order to identify niche overlap, with a result corresponding to 0.88. In addition, analysis of the nearest neighbor and the fixed method of Kernel density were carried out, which allowed the identification of overlapping records of marine traffic with cetaceans and the creation of heat maps, respectively. Through the relevant information identified, mandatory and voluntary conservation strategies were then proposed. Among the main ones are speed reduction and voluntary exclusion zones. It is hoped that this work will contribute to the implementation of these strategies in the studied area, as well as to the conservation of cetaceans and the biodiversity of Marine Protected Areas.
Cetaceans inhabit all oceans and coexist with the increasing intensification of activities associated with the aquatic environment, with motorized vessel traffic being one of the main human activities in this environment. The study of spatial correlations makes it possible to elaborate adequate responses to these impacts. Therefore, this project investigated the spatial correlation between cetacean distribution and marine traffic activities in the Santos Basin, Brazil. Information was collected from two different databases, the first referring to the distribution of cetaceans and the other on the types of marine traffic in general. 2352 records of cetaceans and 718777 of vessels were obtained. Subsequently, Structural Similarity analyzes were carried out in order to identify niche overlap, with a result corresponding to 0.88. In addition, analysis of the nearest neighbor and the fixed method of Kernel density were carried out, which allowed the identification of overlapping records of marine traffic with cetaceans and the creation of heat maps, respectively. Through the relevant information identified, mandatory and voluntary conservation strategies were then proposed. Among the main ones are speed reduction and voluntary exclusion zones. It is hoped that this work will contribute to the implementation of these strategies in the studied area, as well as to the conservation of cetaceans and the biodiversity of Marine Protected Areas.
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Cetaceo, Embarcações, Trafego maritimo, Nicho (Ecologia), Cetaceans, Vessels, Marine traffic, Niche overlap