Oportunidades e barreiras para a compostagem em contexto municipal: estudo de caso em São José dos Campos - Brasil
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Data
2023-03-30
Autores
Pereira, Vanessa Rodrigues
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Compostagem é uma das principais vias de tratamento da fração orgânica putrescível dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Atualmente, a prática é incipiente ou inexistente em países de baixa e média renda, onde experiências descentralizadas tem maiores êxitos. Estudos que investiguem tais experiências em contexto local podem ser úteis para auxiliar os gestores públicos no melhor planejamento da compostagem em seus municípios. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi identificar barreiras e oportunidades para a viabilização econômica e socioambiental da compostagem em contexto local, a partir de estudo de caso exploratório no município de São José dos Campos (SP). Para subsidiar o desenvolvimento do estudo, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática dos fatores influenciares da segregação na fonte, com base no método de pesquisa em arquivo, que identificou os seguintes fatores: infraestrutura física e conveniência, educação, dados sociodemográficos, fatores econômicos, norma e influência social, feedback, hábito, comportamento pró-ambiental, confiança no sistema, e fatores associados à Teoria do Comportamento Planejado. A revisão mostrou que os fatores dependem das particularidades locais e são interdependentes. No estudo de caso, foi identificado e entrevistado os atores sociais envolvidos com a compostagem, e avaliado o potencial do mercado local para insumos agrícolas de base orgânica. Educação, infraestrutura e influência social foram evidenciados como os principais fatores gatilhos para iniciar a compostagem. As dificuldades no manejo são comuns no início da prática para os compostadores domiciliares e para as iniciativas comunitárias, a principal dificuldade é o engajamento de pessoas. A vermicompostagem pode ser uma oportunidade para valorização dos resíduos orgânicos putrescíveis dos RSU no mercado local. A visão dos atores sociais locais pode contribuir para melhoria do planejamento de esquemas de compostagem em contexto municipal.
Composting is one of the main ways of treating the putrescible organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). Currently, the practice is incipient or non-existent in low and middleincome countries, where decentralized experiences have greater success. Studies investigating such experiences in a local context can be useful to assist public managers in better planning for composting in their municipalities. This research aimed to identify barriers and opportunities for the economic and socio-environmental feasibility of composting locally, based on an exploratory case study in the São José dos Campos (SP) municipality. To support the development of the study, a systematic review of factors influencing source segregation was performed, based on the archival research method, which identified the following factors: physical infrastructure and convenience, education, sociodemographic data, economic factors, social norm and influence, feedback, habit, proenvironmental behavior, trust in the system, and factors associated with the Theory of Planned Behavior. The review showed that the factors depend on local particularities and are interdependent. In the case study, social actors involved in composting were identified and interviewed, and the local market potential for organic-based agricultural inputs was assessed. Education, infrastructure, and social influence were highlighted as trigger factors for starting composting. Difficulties in management are common at the beginning of the practice for home composters. In community initiatives, the main difficulty is people's engagement. Vermicomposting can be an opportunity to valorize organic waste from the rapid degradation of MSW in the local market. The views of local social actors can contribute to improved planning of composting schemes in the municipal context.
Composting is one of the main ways of treating the putrescible organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). Currently, the practice is incipient or non-existent in low and middleincome countries, where decentralized experiences have greater success. Studies investigating such experiences in a local context can be useful to assist public managers in better planning for composting in their municipalities. This research aimed to identify barriers and opportunities for the economic and socio-environmental feasibility of composting locally, based on an exploratory case study in the São José dos Campos (SP) municipality. To support the development of the study, a systematic review of factors influencing source segregation was performed, based on the archival research method, which identified the following factors: physical infrastructure and convenience, education, sociodemographic data, economic factors, social norm and influence, feedback, habit, proenvironmental behavior, trust in the system, and factors associated with the Theory of Planned Behavior. The review showed that the factors depend on local particularities and are interdependent. In the case study, social actors involved in composting were identified and interviewed, and the local market potential for organic-based agricultural inputs was assessed. Education, infrastructure, and social influence were highlighted as trigger factors for starting composting. Difficulties in management are common at the beginning of the practice for home composters. In community initiatives, the main difficulty is people's engagement. Vermicomposting can be an opportunity to valorize organic waste from the rapid degradation of MSW in the local market. The views of local social actors can contribute to improved planning of composting schemes in the municipal context.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Compostagem, Viabilidade, Segregação na fonte, Resíduo orgânico, Fatores influenciadores, Composting, Feasibility, Source separation, Organic waste, Influencing factors