Efeito de mensagens instantâneas por aplicativo na motivação para a atividade física de praticantes de caminhada
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Data
2020
Autores
Oliveira, Fernando Sanches de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: Existem inúmeras motivações que levam o indivíduo a iniciar em uma atividade física, e segundo a Teoria da Autodeterminação, são motivações intrínsecas (a prática parte por prazer), motivações extrínsecas (prática vem de motivo externo) e a amotivação (nenhum valor ou sentido na atividade). Estudos apontam que indivíduos que tenham prazer possuem uma maior aderência à prática. O indivíduo deve gostar e encontrar satisfações. Muitas intervenções trabalham apenas a questão técnica, deixando o prazer pela atividade física desconsiderado. Objetivo: o propósito deste estudo é analisar o efeito de mensagens virtuais na motivação de caminhantes. Método: Participaram 30 indivíduos, maiores de 18 anos que praticam caminhada pelo menos 1 vez por semana, em um dos dois locais desse estudo: o Câmpus da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) de Rio Claro, e o Parque “Lago Azul”. Responderam um questionário sobre motivação para a prática de caminhada, o BREQ-3. Após responderem, foram divididos em 2 grupos randômicos. Os participantes receberam ao longo de 8 semanas mensagens (imagens) enviadas através do “Whatsapp”. Essas mensagens tiveram 2 conteúdos e foram enviadas a cada grupo. Um recebeu mensagens sobre a prática da atividade física e o outro recebeu sobre o prazer da caminhada. As mensagens foram enviadas 3 vezes por semana, à tarde. Após a intervenção, o BREQ-3 foi aplicado novamente. Os dados dos questionários foram analisados e a motivação para a prática foi comparada a partir das respostas iniciais e finais. Resultados: As médias da escala da autodeterminação (AMOT = amotivação; REEX = regulação externa; REIJ = regulação introjetada; REID = regulação identificada; REIT = regulação integrada; MOIT = motivação intrínseca) para o Grupo Controle pré intervenção: AMOT (0,54), REEX (1,00), REIJ (2,25), REID (3,64), REIT (3,37) e MOIT (3,33), e pós intervenção: AMOT (1,08), REEX (1,27), REIJ (2,13), REID (3,50), REIT (3,31) e MOIT (3,02). Houve uma diminuição dos valores dos períodos iniciais e aumentado as escalas que antes tinham valores menores. O Grupo Intervenção, os valores no início: AMOT (0,53), REEX (0,86), REIJ (1,86), REID (3,61), REIT (3,57) e MOIT (3,54), e ao final: AMOT (0,59), REEX (1,21), REIJ (1,92), REID (3,25), REIT (3,57) e MOIT (3,65), o que aponta um aumento nas duas primeiras posições, uma queda nas posições 3 e 4, uma permanência no valor da penúltima posição e um aumento na motivação intrínseca. As análises estatísticas apontam um efeito das mensagens nas categorias AMOT, REEX e REID, e um efeito dos grupos nas categorias AMOT e MOTI. Conclusão: Há um efeito das mensagens em alguns pontos (AMOT, REEX, REID e MOTI), e olhando em geral não podemos dizer em que ponto da escala os grupos se encontram. O Grupo Controle, após a intervenção, demonstrou uma tendência a permanecer mais nas categorias relacionadas à falta de motivação intrínseca para a prática de atividade física. O Grupo Intervenção, apesar de aumentar o valor da sua motivação intrínseca após o estudo, também aumentou os valores relacionados à falta de motivação intrínseca, não podendo afirmar um avanço na sua automotivação.
Introduction: Individuals start in physical activity for many motivations, these are divided according to the Self Determination Theory: intrinsic motivation (the practice goes out of pleasure), extrinsic motivation (comes from an external reason) and amotivation (no value or meaning in the activity). Studies show that individuals who have pleasure in physical activity have a greater adherence to the practice. This requires that the individual has an emotional trial that takes him to find satisfaction, and currently many interventions work only a technical issue, leaving this point the pleasure disregarded. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of virtual messages in the motivation of hikers. Method: Participated 30 individuals, over 18 years old, who walk at least once a week, in one of the two places chosen for this study: the UNESP, Campus of Rio Claro, and the “Blue Lake” Park. The participants answered a questionnaire about individual motivation, the BREQ-3. After answered, they were randomly divided into 2 groups. The participants received over 8 weeks arts-style messages sent through the “Whatsapp”. These messages had 2 types of content and were sent in each group. One group received messages about physical activity and the other received messages about the pleasure of walking. The messages were sent 3 times a week in the afternoon. After the intervention, the BREQ-3 was applied again. The questionnaire data were analyzed and compared from the answers of the initial and final. Results: The self-determination scale (AMOT = amotivation, EREX = external regulation; ERIJ = introjected regulation; ERID = identified regulation; ERIT = integrated regulation; ITMO = intrinsic motivation) means for the Control Group on pre-intervention were: AMOT (0,54), EREX (1,00), ERIJ (2,25), ERID (3,64), ERIT (3,37) and ITMO (3,33), and post intervention were: AMOT (1,08), EREX (1,27), ERIJ (2,13), ERID (3,50), ERIT (3,31) and ITMO (3,02). That there was a decrease in the values of the early periods and an increase in that previously had smaller values. For the Intervention Group, the values indicated at the beginning: AMOT (0,53), EREX (0,86), ERIJ (1,86), ERID (3,61), ERIT (3,57) and ITMO (3,54), and at the end AMOT (0,59), EREX (1,21), ERIJ (1,92), ERID (3,25), ERIT (3,57) and ITMO (3,65), this indicates an increase in the first two positions, a decrease in positions 3 and 4, a permanence in the penultimate position and an increase in intrinsic motivation. Statistical analyzes indicate an effect of messages on AMOT, EREX and ERID categories, and an effect of groups on AMOT and ITMO messages. Conclusion: A effect of the messages at some points (AMOT, EREX, ERID and ITMO), but cannot say with certainty at what point of the groups are. The control group showed a tendency to remain more at close range to the categories related to the lack of intrinsic motivation for physical activity. The Intervention Group, despite increasing the value of its intrinsic motivation after the study, also increased the values related to the lack of intrinsic motivation and could not affirm an advance in its self-motivation.
Introduction: Individuals start in physical activity for many motivations, these are divided according to the Self Determination Theory: intrinsic motivation (the practice goes out of pleasure), extrinsic motivation (comes from an external reason) and amotivation (no value or meaning in the activity). Studies show that individuals who have pleasure in physical activity have a greater adherence to the practice. This requires that the individual has an emotional trial that takes him to find satisfaction, and currently many interventions work only a technical issue, leaving this point the pleasure disregarded. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of virtual messages in the motivation of hikers. Method: Participated 30 individuals, over 18 years old, who walk at least once a week, in one of the two places chosen for this study: the UNESP, Campus of Rio Claro, and the “Blue Lake” Park. The participants answered a questionnaire about individual motivation, the BREQ-3. After answered, they were randomly divided into 2 groups. The participants received over 8 weeks arts-style messages sent through the “Whatsapp”. These messages had 2 types of content and were sent in each group. One group received messages about physical activity and the other received messages about the pleasure of walking. The messages were sent 3 times a week in the afternoon. After the intervention, the BREQ-3 was applied again. The questionnaire data were analyzed and compared from the answers of the initial and final. Results: The self-determination scale (AMOT = amotivation, EREX = external regulation; ERIJ = introjected regulation; ERID = identified regulation; ERIT = integrated regulation; ITMO = intrinsic motivation) means for the Control Group on pre-intervention were: AMOT (0,54), EREX (1,00), ERIJ (2,25), ERID (3,64), ERIT (3,37) and ITMO (3,33), and post intervention were: AMOT (1,08), EREX (1,27), ERIJ (2,13), ERID (3,50), ERIT (3,31) and ITMO (3,02). That there was a decrease in the values of the early periods and an increase in that previously had smaller values. For the Intervention Group, the values indicated at the beginning: AMOT (0,53), EREX (0,86), ERIJ (1,86), ERID (3,61), ERIT (3,57) and ITMO (3,54), and at the end AMOT (0,59), EREX (1,21), ERIJ (1,92), ERID (3,25), ERIT (3,57) and ITMO (3,65), this indicates an increase in the first two positions, a decrease in positions 3 and 4, a permanence in the penultimate position and an increase in intrinsic motivation. Statistical analyzes indicate an effect of messages on AMOT, EREX and ERID categories, and an effect of groups on AMOT and ITMO messages. Conclusion: A effect of the messages at some points (AMOT, EREX, ERID and ITMO), but cannot say with certainty at what point of the groups are. The control group showed a tendency to remain more at close range to the categories related to the lack of intrinsic motivation for physical activity. The Intervention Group, despite increasing the value of its intrinsic motivation after the study, also increased the values related to the lack of intrinsic motivation and could not affirm an advance in its self-motivation.
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Palavras-chave
Atividade física, Motivação, Caminhada, Physical activity, Motivation, Walking