Ecotoxicidade em água de amostras de óleo recuperadas de áreas afetadas no litoral do nordeste brasileiro
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Data
2023-03-27
Autores
Santana, Debora Cristina Nascimento de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No segundo semestre de 2019 surgiram manchas de óleo que atingiram toda a extensão do nordeste brasileiro. Isso apresenta alto risco à saúde dos organismos marinhos em diversos âmbitos como o contato com as frações de óleo que se dissolvem na água. A fim de avaliar os riscos deste composto foram realizadas análises ecotoxicológicas para averiguar os efeitos causados pela exposição desse material. Desse modo, foram preparadas, em laboratório, frações solúveis em água a partir de três amostras coletadas em diferentes pontos. Com estas frações foram realizadas análises químicas para quantificar o total de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (TPHA) e alifáticos (THA) presentes nas frações solúveis e realizados testes com o objetivo de avaliar a mortalidade em Artemia salina e o desenvolvimento embrionário em Echinometra lucunter. Os resultados encontrados nas análises químicas detectaram valores quantificáveis para HA e HPA que foram superiores nas FSA da amostra 3 em comparação às outras amostras avaliadas. Quanto aos testes de toxicidade, o organismo Artemia salina apresentou concentrações que obtiveram diferença significativa com o controle a partir de 5% após 48 horas de exposição para a amostra 1. Já no para os testes realizados com Echinometra lucunter, expostos às FSA de 3 amostras, encontrou-se diferença significativa com o controle a partir das concentrações de 50% após 48hs de exposição. Os organismos avaliados mostraram baixa sensibilidade nas frações avaliadas quando comparadas a estudos anteriormente estudados com frações solúveis de óleo. Todavia, encontrou-se nas frações solúveis avaliadas concentrações de hidrocarbonetos compatíveis com estudos realizados com amostras ambientais e que apresentaram toxicidade aos organismos avaliados demonstrando assim o potencial tóxico dessas frações aos organismos que possam ser expostos as frações solúveis destes materiais. Conclui-se que o óleo que atingiu as praias brasileiras no ano de 2019 apresentava condições para contaminar a coluna d’água, pela solubilização de hidrocarbonetos, e afeta negativamente as populações de invertebrados marinhos após a exposição às frações solúveis deste óleo. Mais estudos precisam ser realizados para aperfeiçoar a compreensão dos efeitos dos óleos encontrados nas praias nordestinas em organismos marinhos.
In the second half of 2019, oil stains appeared that reached the entire length of the Brazilian northeast. This poses a high risk to the health of marine organisms in various areas, such as contact with oil fractions that dissolve in water. In order to assess the risks of this compound, ecotoxicological analyzes were carried out to investigate the effects caused by exposure to this material. Thus, water-soluble fractions were prepared in the laboratory from three samples collected at different points. With these fractions, chemical analyzes were carried out to quantify the total amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPHA) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (THA) present in the soluble fractions, and tests were carried out with the aim of evaluating mortality in Artemia salina and embryonic development in Echinometra lucunter. The results found in the chemical analyzes detected quantifiable values for HA and HPA that were higher in the FSA of sample 3 compared to the other evaluated samples. As for the toxicity tests, the organism Artemia salina showed concentrations that obtained a significant difference with the control from 5% after 48 hours of exposure for sample 1. As for the tests carried out with Echinometra lucunter, exposed to the ASF of 3 samples, a significant difference was found with the control from concentrations of 50% after 48 hours of exposure. The evaluated organisms showed low sensitivity in the evaluated fractions when compared to previously studied studies with oil soluble fractions. However, concentrations of hydrocarbons compatible with studies carried out with environmental samples were found in the evaluated soluble fractions, which showed toxicity to the evaluated organisms, thus demonstrating the toxic potential of these fractions to organisms that may be exposed to the soluble fractions of these materials. It is concluded that the oil that fed the Brazilian beaches in 2019 was able to contaminate the water column, due to the solubilization of hydrocarbons, and affected the appearance of marine invertebrates after exposure to the soluble fractions of this oil. More studies need to be carried out to improve the understanding of the effects of oils found on Northeastern beaches on marine organisms.
In the second half of 2019, oil stains appeared that reached the entire length of the Brazilian northeast. This poses a high risk to the health of marine organisms in various areas, such as contact with oil fractions that dissolve in water. In order to assess the risks of this compound, ecotoxicological analyzes were carried out to investigate the effects caused by exposure to this material. Thus, water-soluble fractions were prepared in the laboratory from three samples collected at different points. With these fractions, chemical analyzes were carried out to quantify the total amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPHA) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (THA) present in the soluble fractions, and tests were carried out with the aim of evaluating mortality in Artemia salina and embryonic development in Echinometra lucunter. The results found in the chemical analyzes detected quantifiable values for HA and HPA that were higher in the FSA of sample 3 compared to the other evaluated samples. As for the toxicity tests, the organism Artemia salina showed concentrations that obtained a significant difference with the control from 5% after 48 hours of exposure for sample 1. As for the tests carried out with Echinometra lucunter, exposed to the ASF of 3 samples, a significant difference was found with the control from concentrations of 50% after 48 hours of exposure. The evaluated organisms showed low sensitivity in the evaluated fractions when compared to previously studied studies with oil soluble fractions. However, concentrations of hydrocarbons compatible with studies carried out with environmental samples were found in the evaluated soluble fractions, which showed toxicity to the evaluated organisms, thus demonstrating the toxic potential of these fractions to organisms that may be exposed to the soluble fractions of these materials. It is concluded that the oil that fed the Brazilian beaches in 2019 was able to contaminate the water column, due to the solubilization of hydrocarbons, and affected the appearance of marine invertebrates after exposure to the soluble fractions of this oil. More studies need to be carried out to improve the understanding of the effects of oils found on Northeastern beaches on marine organisms.
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Palavras-chave
Artemia salina, Fração solúvel do óleo, Echinometra lucunter, HPA, Desastre ambiental, Toxicologia ambiental, Poluição marinha por oleo