Análise de conteúdo gastrointestinal de Chelonia mydas (Testudines: Cheloniidae) na região da Baixada Santista (São Paulo) e sua relação com o estado de saúde.
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Data
2023-04-28
Autores
Farah, Rosane Fernanda
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A tartaruga-verde Chelonia mydas possui ampla distribuição geográfica, desde os trópicos até as zonas temperadas, sendo uma espécie que, dependendo da fase de vida, pode apresentar hábitos costeiros e oceânicos, utilizando inclusive estuários, além de possuir uma dieta variada ao longo de sua vida. Ao atingirem a fase juvenil, ocorre a mudança do habitat e da alimentação, retornando à zona litorânea, onde passam a ter uma dieta preferencialmente herbívora. Tais hábitos alimentares fazem com que os espécimes, principalmente juvenis, fiquem mais próximos à costa, contribuindo para o elevado número de encalhes no litoral brasileiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e identificar o conteúdo gastrointestinal de exemplares de tartarugas-verdes encalhadas na Baixada Santista (São Paulo), a fim de descrever sua dieta e identificar conteúdos de procedência antrópica, assim como avaliar suas correlações com as suspeitas clínicas e exames de necropsia. Durante o exame anatomopatológico, todo o conteúdo gastrointestinal (TGI) foi coletado, pesado e lavado, sendo posteriormente analisado quali e quantitativamente. Foram coletados no período de 01 de junho de 2021 a 01 de junho de 2022, 254 animais, porém apenas 156 passaram por análise, sendo em sua maioria, fêmeas, juvenis, com maior índice de encalhe no inverno. Foram identificados predominantemente três grupos de algas (verdes, vermelhas e pardas), propágulos de mangue e conteúdos de origem vegetal, além de peixes e invertebrados, confirmando a importância da região como área de alimentação. Foram quantificados 1.424 fragmentos de resíduos sólidos em 71,15% dos animais, os quais foram classificados em 13 tipos e 13 cores, sendo o plástico flexível e a cor transparente os mais frequentes. A ingestão desses itens resulta em uma condição nutricional ruim. Além disso, a causa mortis apresentou associação significante com a ingestão de linha de pesca mono e multifilamento, bem como de plástico rígido. Ainda existem lacunas sobre os aspectos ecológicos e biológicos dessa espécie, especialmente na Baixada Santista, no entanto este trabalho contribuiu com a promoção de dados científicos estratégicos para serem utilizados em políticas públicas de conservação.
The green turtle Chelonia mydas has a wide geographic distribution, from the tropics to the temperate zones, being a species that, depending on the life stage, can present coastal and oceanic habits, including estuaries, in addition to having a varied diet throughout your life. When they reach the juvenile stage, there is a change in habitat and food, returning to the coastal zone, where they begin to have a preferably herbivorous diet. Such eating habits make the specimens, mainly juveniles, closer to the coast, contributing to the high number of strandings on the Brazilian coast. The objective of this study was to analyze and identify the gastrointestinal contents of specimens of green turtles stranded in Baixada Santista (São Paulo), in order to describe their diet and identify contents of anthropic origin, as well as to evaluate their correlations with clinical suspicions and necropsy exams. During the anatomopathological examination, the entire gastrointestinal (GIT) content was collected, weighed and washed, and subsequently analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. In the period from June 1, 2021 to June 1, 2022, 254 animals were collected, but only 156 underwent analysis, most of which were juveniles, females, with a higher rate of stranding in winter.Three groups of algae (green, red and brown), mangrove propagules and contents of plant origin, in addition to fish and invertebrates, were identified, confirming the importance of the region as a feeding area. 1,424 fragments of solid waste were quantified in 71,15% of the animals, which were classified into 13 types and 13 colors, with flexible plastic and transparent being the most frequent. Intake of these items results in poor nutritional status. In addition, the cause of death was significantly associated with the ingestion of mono and multifilament fishing line, as well as rigid plastic. There are still gaps about the ecological and biological aspects of this species, especially in Baixada Santista, however this work contributed to the promotion of strategic scientific data to be used in public conservation policies.
The green turtle Chelonia mydas has a wide geographic distribution, from the tropics to the temperate zones, being a species that, depending on the life stage, can present coastal and oceanic habits, including estuaries, in addition to having a varied diet throughout your life. When they reach the juvenile stage, there is a change in habitat and food, returning to the coastal zone, where they begin to have a preferably herbivorous diet. Such eating habits make the specimens, mainly juveniles, closer to the coast, contributing to the high number of strandings on the Brazilian coast. The objective of this study was to analyze and identify the gastrointestinal contents of specimens of green turtles stranded in Baixada Santista (São Paulo), in order to describe their diet and identify contents of anthropic origin, as well as to evaluate their correlations with clinical suspicions and necropsy exams. During the anatomopathological examination, the entire gastrointestinal (GIT) content was collected, weighed and washed, and subsequently analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. In the period from June 1, 2021 to June 1, 2022, 254 animals were collected, but only 156 underwent analysis, most of which were juveniles, females, with a higher rate of stranding in winter.Three groups of algae (green, red and brown), mangrove propagules and contents of plant origin, in addition to fish and invertebrates, were identified, confirming the importance of the region as a feeding area. 1,424 fragments of solid waste were quantified in 71,15% of the animals, which were classified into 13 types and 13 colors, with flexible plastic and transparent being the most frequent. Intake of these items results in poor nutritional status. In addition, the cause of death was significantly associated with the ingestion of mono and multifilament fishing line, as well as rigid plastic. There are still gaps about the ecological and biological aspects of this species, especially in Baixada Santista, however this work contributed to the promotion of strategic scientific data to be used in public conservation policies.
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Palavras-chave
Quelonio, Tartaruga marinha, Chelonia mydas, Comportamento, Dieta, Ecologia, Encalhe, Resíduos sólidos, Mortalidade