Group size and composition of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) (Van Bénèden, 1864) in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex, Brazil
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Data
2010-02-01
Autores
Santos, M. C. O. [UNESP]
Oshima, J. E. F. [UNESP]
Pacífico, E. S. [UNESP]
Silva, E. [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Instituto Internacional de Ecologia
Resumo
O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever as características do tamanho e da composição de grupos do boto-cinza (S. guianensis) no Complexo Estuarino de Paranaguá (25° 15'-25° 36' S and 48° 02'-48° 45' O), Estado do Paraná, assim como de verificar a possível existência de relações entre uma dada variável ambiental (profundidade, salinidade, transparência e temperatura da água) e o tamanho de grupo. Uma área de aproximadamente 124 km² foi investigada com uso de barco a motor entre abril de 2006 e fevereiro de 2008 nas seguintes sub-áreas do estuário: Canal do Superagui (~28 km²), baía dos Pinheiros (~34 km²), parte da baía das Laranjeiras que incluiu o sub-estuário de Guaraqueçaba (~38 km²), e parte da Seção de Mistura do Complexo Estuarino de Paranaguá (~24 km²). em 45 dias de investigação, um total de 147 horas foi empregado na observação de 286 grupos de S. guianensis. Numericamente os grupos variaram entre dois e 90 indivíduos (média ± DP: 11,5 ± 14,4 indivíduos). Indivíduos solitários foram observados em apenas cinco ocasiões (1,7% de todas as observações). Grupos com filhotes (n = 247) representaram 86,4% de todos os observados e foram mais comuns em todas as sub-áreas quando comparados com grupos sem filhotes. Grupos sem filhotes foram geralmente compostos por até 12 indivíduos e encontrados em todas as sub-áreas. Uma comum composição de grupo de cerca de 70% de adultos e 30% de filhotes foi observada considerando todas as sub-áreas e estações do ano. Não foram apontados correlações entre o tamanho de grupo e a temperatura (Teste de Rank de Spearman, r = 0,0059; p = 0,9338), a transparência (Teste de Rank de Spearman, r = 0,0597; p = 0,9333), a profundidade (Teste de Rank de Spearman, r = 0,1421; p = 0,4698), e a salinidade da água (Teste de Rank de Spearman, r = -0,1938; p = 0,0665). Enquanto grupos de botos-cinza foram observados ao largo de todo o estuário, seus tamanhos variaram significativamente entre a três sub-áreas principais (Kruskal Wallis, H2,196 = 29,85; p = 0,0000). Grupos foram maiores na baía das Laranjeiras e menores no Canal do Superagui. A topografia, o risco de predação, a distribuição sazonal e a abundância de presas são apontadas como os principais fatores que favoreceram a formação de maiores tamanhos de grupos em águas mais internas e protegidas.
The aim of the present study was to describe the characteristics of Guiana dolphins (S. guianensis) group size and composition in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (25° 15' -25° 36' S and 48° 02'-48° 45' W), Paraná State, as well as to verify the existence of relationships between a given environmental variable (water depth, salinity, transparency and temperature) and group size. An area of around 124 km² was surveyed by boat from April 2006 to February 2008 in the following subsets of the estuary: Canal do Superagui (~28 km²), Pinheiros bay (~34 km²), part of Laranjeiras bay, which included the Guaraqueçaba sub-estuary (~38 km²), and part of the Mixture Section of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (~24 km²). In 45 survey days, a total of 147 hours were spent observing 286 groups of S. guianensis. Groups varied from two individuals to aggregations of up to 90 individuals (mean ± SD: 11.5 ± 14.4 individuals). Solitary individuals were seen only on five occasions (1.7% of all observations). Groups with calves (n = 247) represented 86.4% overall and were more common in all sub-areas when compared to groups without calves. Groups without calves were found in all sub-areas and were usually smaller and composed of up to 12 individuals. A usual group composition of 70% of adults and 30% of calves was observed considering all sub-areas and seasons. No correlations were found between group size and water temperature (Spearman's rank test, r = 0.0059, p = 0.9338), transparency (Spearman's rank test, r = 0.0597, p = 0.9333), depth (Spearman's rank test, r = 0.1421, p = 0.4698), and salinity (Spearman's rank test, r = -0.1938, p = 0.0665). While Guiana dolphin groups were seen in the entire surveyed area, group size varied significantly among the three main surveyed sub-areas (Kruskal Wallis, H2,196 = 29.85, p = 0.0000). Groups were larger in Laranjeiras bay and smaller in Canal do Superagui. The physical environment, risk of predation, seasonal distribution and abundance of prey are the main possible factors driving larger groups in inner and protected waters.
The aim of the present study was to describe the characteristics of Guiana dolphins (S. guianensis) group size and composition in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (25° 15' -25° 36' S and 48° 02'-48° 45' W), Paraná State, as well as to verify the existence of relationships between a given environmental variable (water depth, salinity, transparency and temperature) and group size. An area of around 124 km² was surveyed by boat from April 2006 to February 2008 in the following subsets of the estuary: Canal do Superagui (~28 km²), Pinheiros bay (~34 km²), part of Laranjeiras bay, which included the Guaraqueçaba sub-estuary (~38 km²), and part of the Mixture Section of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (~24 km²). In 45 survey days, a total of 147 hours were spent observing 286 groups of S. guianensis. Groups varied from two individuals to aggregations of up to 90 individuals (mean ± SD: 11.5 ± 14.4 individuals). Solitary individuals were seen only on five occasions (1.7% of all observations). Groups with calves (n = 247) represented 86.4% overall and were more common in all sub-areas when compared to groups without calves. Groups without calves were found in all sub-areas and were usually smaller and composed of up to 12 individuals. A usual group composition of 70% of adults and 30% of calves was observed considering all sub-areas and seasons. No correlations were found between group size and water temperature (Spearman's rank test, r = 0.0059, p = 0.9338), transparency (Spearman's rank test, r = 0.0597, p = 0.9333), depth (Spearman's rank test, r = 0.1421, p = 0.4698), and salinity (Spearman's rank test, r = -0.1938, p = 0.0665). While Guiana dolphin groups were seen in the entire surveyed area, group size varied significantly among the three main surveyed sub-areas (Kruskal Wallis, H2,196 = 29.85, p = 0.0000). Groups were larger in Laranjeiras bay and smaller in Canal do Superagui. The physical environment, risk of predation, seasonal distribution and abundance of prey are the main possible factors driving larger groups in inner and protected waters.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cetacea, Sotalia guianensis, tamanho de grupo, Boto-cinza, Cetacea, Sotalia guianensis, group size, Guiana dolphin
Como citar
Brazilian Journal of Biology. Instituto Internacional de Ecologia, v. 70, n. 1, p. 111-120, 2010.