Eficácia do diquat no controle de Hydrilla verticillata, Egeria densa e Egeria najas e toxicidade aguda para o Guaru (Phallocerus caudimaculatus), em condições de laboratório
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Data
2011-06-01
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Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas
Resumo
No Brasil, as macrófitas aquáticas submersas, Egeria densa e Egeria najas, têm causado prejuízos aos usos múltiplos da água. Hydrilla verticillata foi recentemente introduzida, mas tem histórico como planta problemática nos EUA, no México e na Austrália. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as suscetibilidades relativas dessas três macrófitas aquáticas ao diquat e os riscos da utilização desse herbicida para o guaru (Phallocerus caudimaculatus). Para isso, foram instalados ensaios em condições de laboratório, a fim de avaliar a suscetibilidade relativa das três macrófitas por meio da manutenção de ponteiros dessas plantas em soluções contendo 0,0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,8; e 1,6 mg L-1 de diquat (Reward®) por 14 dias. A avaliação foi realizada pela variação do acúmulo de matéria fresca e do comprimento dos ponteiros no período de exposição ao herbicida. H. verticillata mostrou maior sensibilidade ao diquat em comparação com as duas macrófitas do gênero Egeria, mesmo em baixas concentrações do herbicida. Nas maiores concentrações, E. densa mostrou maior sensibilidade que E. najas. O risco da aplicação do diquat para P. caudimaculatus foi estimado pela toxicidade aguda. Alevinos de P. caudimaculatus de 0,4 ± 0,2 mg foram expostos a soluções de 0,0; 1,0; 5,0; 10,0; 15,0; 20,0; 25,0; e 30,0 mg L-1 de diquat. A concentração letal de 50% (CL(I) (50;96h)) do diquat estimada para P. caudimaculatus foi de 7,17 mg L-1. Para P. caudimaculatus, a toxicidade aguda foi superior à concentração recomendada para o controle de macrófitas aquáticas submersas, indicando risco muito baixo para esse peixe.
In Brazil, the submerged plants Egeria densa and Egeria najas have caused damage to multiple uses of water. Hydrilla verticillata has been recently introduced, but it has a history as a problem plant in the U.S., Mexico and Australia. The objectives of this work were to assess the relative susceptibilities of these three macrophytes to diquat and the risks of using this herbicide for fish guppy (Phallocerus caudimaculatus). Thus, laboratory assays were set up to assess the relative susceptibility of the three macrophytes. Pointers of these plants were kept in solutions containing 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg L-1 diquat (Reward®) for 14 days. The evaluation was performed based on the variation of fresh matter weight and length of the pointers during the period of exposure to the herbicide. H. verticillata was more sensitive to diquat, compared with the two Egeria macrophytes, even at low herbicide concentrations. At higher herbicide concentrations, E. densa was more sensitive than E. najas. The risk of applying diquat to P. caudimaculatus was estimated by acute toxicity. Fingerlings of P. caudimaculatus of 0.4 ± 0.2 g were exposed to solutions of 0.0, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0 and 30.0 mg L-1 of diquat. The 50% lethal concentration (LC (I) (50.96h)) of diquat estimated for P. caudimaculatus was 7.17 mg L-1. For P. caudimaculatus, acute toxicity was higher than the concentration recommended for the control of submerged plants, indicating very low risk for this fish.
In Brazil, the submerged plants Egeria densa and Egeria najas have caused damage to multiple uses of water. Hydrilla verticillata has been recently introduced, but it has a history as a problem plant in the U.S., Mexico and Australia. The objectives of this work were to assess the relative susceptibilities of these three macrophytes to diquat and the risks of using this herbicide for fish guppy (Phallocerus caudimaculatus). Thus, laboratory assays were set up to assess the relative susceptibility of the three macrophytes. Pointers of these plants were kept in solutions containing 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg L-1 diquat (Reward®) for 14 days. The evaluation was performed based on the variation of fresh matter weight and length of the pointers during the period of exposure to the herbicide. H. verticillata was more sensitive to diquat, compared with the two Egeria macrophytes, even at low herbicide concentrations. At higher herbicide concentrations, E. densa was more sensitive than E. najas. The risk of applying diquat to P. caudimaculatus was estimated by acute toxicity. Fingerlings of P. caudimaculatus of 0.4 ± 0.2 g were exposed to solutions of 0.0, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0 and 30.0 mg L-1 of diquat. The 50% lethal concentration (LC (I) (50.96h)) of diquat estimated for P. caudimaculatus was 7.17 mg L-1. For P. caudimaculatus, acute toxicity was higher than the concentration recommended for the control of submerged plants, indicating very low risk for this fish.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
macrófitas aquáticas, toxicidade, herbicida, risco ambiental, aquatic macrophytes, toxicity, herbicide, environmental risk
Como citar
Planta Daninha. Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas , v. 29, n. 2, p. 279-285, 2011.