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Effect of Resistance Training on Body Composition of Adolescents: ABCD Growth Study
(2023-04-01) de Souza Dias, Jefferson [UNESP]; Agostinete, Ricardo Ribeiro [UNESP]; Urban, Jacqueline Bexiga [UNESP]; Torres, Wésley [UNESP]; de Lima Mesquita, Eduardo Duarte [UNESP]; Cayres-Santos, Suziane Ungari [UNESP]; de Moraes Chagas, Lucas Gabriel [UNESP]; Lemes, Ítalo Ribeiro [UNESP]; Fernandes, Rômulo Araújo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise - LIVE. Presidente Prudente
Objective: To analyze the relationship between resistance training and body composition in adolescents. Methods: A longitudinal 12-month follow up of 190 adolescents of both sexes categorized into three groups according to resistance training practice, as non-engagement (n=121), irregular engagement (n=44), and frequent engagement (n=25). The outcomes adopted were bone mineral density (BMD), lean soft tissue (LST), and body fatness (BF). Results: Adolescents frequently engaged in resistance training presented higher gains in mean (95%CI) LST [6.1 (3.7 to 8.5) kg vs 2.4 (1.4 to 3.4) kg; P=0.027] and BMD-upper limbs [0.096 (0.072 to 0.121) g/cm2 vs 0.046 (0.036 to 0.056) g/cm2; P=0.002] than adolescents who were not engaged in resistance training, respectively. Findings were more consistent for boys than girls (models were not significant among girls: LST P= 0.721; BMD-upper limbs P=0.053). Conclusion: Regular engagement in resistance training was related to higher gains in muscle mass and bone density, especially among boys.
Autophagy of naïve CD4+T cells in aging - The role of body adiposity and physical fitness
(2023-01-19) Padilha, Camila S. [UNESP]; Kushkestani, Mehdi; Baptista, Liliana P.; Krüger, Karsten; Lira, Fábio Santos [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rutgers University; The University of Alabama at Birmingham; University of Porto (FADEUP); Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR); University of Giessen; University of Coimbra
Life expectancy has increased exponentially in the last century accompanied by disability, poor quality of life, and all-cause mortality in older age due to the high prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in older people. Biologically, the aging process reduces the cell's metabolic and functional efficiency, and disrupts the cell's anabolic and catabolic homeostasis, predisposing older people to many dysfunctional conditions such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and diabetes. In the immune system, aging also alters cells' metabolic and functional efficiency, a process known as 'immunosenescence', where cells become more broadly inflammatory and their functionality is altered. Notably, autophagy, the conserved and important cellular process that maintains the cell's efficiency and functional homeostasis may protect the immune system from age-associated dysfunctional changes by regulating cell death in activated CD4+ T cells. This regulatory process increases the delivery of the dysfunctional cytoplasmic material to lysosomal degradation while increasing cytokine production, proliferation, and differentiation of CD4+ T cell-mediated immune responses. Poor proliferation and diminished responsiveness to cytokines appear to be ubiquitous features of aged T cells and may explain the delayed peak in T cell expansion and cytotoxic activity commonly observed in the 'immunosenescence' phenotype in the elderly. On the other hand, physical exercise stimulates the expression of crucial nutrient sensors and inhibits the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade which increases autophagic activity in cells. Therefore, in this perspective review, we will first contextualize the overall view of the autophagy process and then, we will discuss how body adiposity and physical fitness may counteract autophagy in naïve CD4+ T cells in aging.
Advances in the crosstalk between maternal separation and voluntary ethanol consumption and effects on reproduction
(2022-12-15) Teixeira, Giovana Rampazzo [UNESP]; Martins, Otávio Augusto [UNESP]; Kremer, Rafael; Veras, Allice Santos Cruz [UNESP]; Pinheiro, Patricia Fernanda Felipe [UNESP]; Mello-Junior, Wilson [UNESP]; Martinez, Francisco Eduardo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)
Maternal separation (SM) is an event caused by early stress and may be associated with behavioral changes and vulnerabilities, enhancing ethanol consumption in adulthood. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether MS potentiates the effects of ethanol ingestion on physiological hormone regulation and its interference in testicular and epididymal morphofunctional aspects in voluntary ethanol-consuming rats. Therefore, for the first time, we investigated the effect of maternal separation and ethanol consumption in adulthood and for this we used free choice ethanol-consuming strains. Responses of metabolic and hormonal parameters were also addressed, as well as their effects on reproductive function. In summary, MS promoted an increase in voluntary ethanol consumption in UChA and UChB animals. There was an influence of MS on the increase of circulating corticosterone and testosterone in UChB animals (high-ethanol-preferring 10 % v/v). MS performed in the hyporesponsive period to stress promoted an increase in glucose and circulating lipids, as well as a reduction in lactate dehydrogenase levels. Daily sperm production and transit time through the epididymis in UChB animals were increased by MS. Together, these findings show that MS potentiates the effects of ethanol ingestion and promotes an imbalance in plasma hormone concentrations, interfering with the reproductive functional imbalance of ethanol-consuming rats.
Improvement in the anti-inflammatory profile with lifelong physical exercise is related to clock genes expression in effector-memory CD4+T cells in master athletes.
(W W F Verlagsgesellschaft Gmbh, 2021-01-01) Souza Teixeira, Alexandre Abilio de; Minuzzi, Luciele Guerra [UNESP]; Lira, Fabio Santos [UNESP]; Vieira Pereira Goncalves, Ana Sofia; Martinho, Antonio; Rosa Neto, Jose Cesar; Teixeira, Ana Maria; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Portuguese Inst Blood & Transplantat; Univ Coimbra
Purpose: Ageing is associated with alterations in the immune system as well as with alterations of the circadian rhythm. Immune cells show rhythmicity in execution of their tasks. Chronic inflammation (inflammaging), which is observed in the elderly, is mitigated by lifelong exercise. The aimed this study was to determine the acute effect of a maximal exercise test on clock genes, regulatory proteins and cytokine expression, and evaluate the effect of lifelong exercise on the expression of clock genes in subpopulations of effector-memory (EM) CD4+ and CD8+T cells and the association of these processes with the inflammatory profile. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the expression of clock genes in subpopulations of effector memory (EM) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in master athletes and healthy controls and further associate them with systemic inflammatory responses to acute exercise. Methods: The study population comprised national and international master athletes (n = 18) involved in three sports (athletics, swimming and judo). The control group (n = 8) comprised untrained healthy volunteers who had not participated in any regular and competitive physical exercise in the past 20 years. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken before (Pre), 10 min after (Post) and 1 h after (1 h Post) a maximal cycle ergometer test for the determination of maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2 max). The subpopulations of EM CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were purified using fluorescenceactivated cell sorting. RNA extraction of clock genes (CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, PER2, CRY1, CRY2, REV-ERBa, REV-ERB ss, RORa, RORb and RORc) in EM CD4+ and EM CD8+ T cells as well as regulatory proteins (IL-4, IFN-., Tbx21, PD-1, Ki67, NF-kB, p53 and p21) in EM CD4+ T cells was performed. The serum concentration of cytokines (IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and IL-17A) was measured. Results: The master athletes showed better physiological parameters than the untrained healthy controls (P<0.05). The levels of cytokines increased in master athletes at Post compared with those at Pre. The IL-8 level was higher at 1 h Post, whereas the IL-10 and IL-12p70 levels returned to baseline. There was no change in IL-17A levels (P< 0.05). The clock genes were modulated differently in CD4+ T cells after an acute session of exercise in a training status-dependent manner. Conclusion: The synchronization of clock genes, immune function and ageing presents new dimensions with interesting challenges. Lifelong athletes showed modified expression patterns of clock genes and cytokine production associated with the physical fitness level. Moreover, the acute bout of exercise altered the clock machinery mainly in CD4+ T cells; however, the clock gene expressions induced by acute exercise were different between the master athletes and control group.
YRJO ENGESTROM Coaching and activity theory
(Routledge, 2016-01-01) Jones, Robyn L.; Thomas, Gethin L.; Viotto Filho, Irineu A. Tuim [UNESP]; Pires Felix, Tatiane da Silva [UNESP]; Edwards, Christian; Nelson, L.; Groom, R.; Potrac, P.; Cardiff Metropolitan Univ; Norwegian Sch Sport Sci; Hartpury Coll; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Validity and reliability of a specific anaerobic test for mixed martial arts
(2022-09-01) Andrade, V. L. [UNESP]; Foresti, Y. F.; Almeida, P. B. [UNESP]; Araujo, M. Y.C. [UNESP]; Kalva-Filho, C. A. [UNESP]; Papoti, M. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Objectives: The present study aimed to verify the reproducibility and validity of a specific assessment for Mixed Martial Arts athletes. Equipment and methods: Twelve male Mixed Martial Arts athletes, participated in this study. They underwent a test and re-test for an anaerobic specific assessment for Mixed Martial Arts athletes, a graded incremental test, ten submaximal efforts, and a supramaximal effort to determine the Maximal Accumulated Oxygen Deficit. Also, they performed the Wingate test for upper limbs and for lower limbs to assess the anaerobic power. Results: The Mixed Martial Arts test showed reliability; the total of strikes, and strikes in bouts 1, 2 and 3, showed values of ICC between 0.50–0.70; coefficient of variation between 3.1–4.3%. A strong correlation was found among the number of total strikes and the Maximal Accumulated Oxygen Deficit (test r = 0.87; re-test r = 0.96), evidencing the importance of anaerobic capacity during the test. Besides, was found a moderate correlation between the total of strikes and aerobic power (test r = 0.67; re-rest r = 0.60), showing the high aerobic contribution during the trial. We concluded that the specific test for Mixed Martial Arts is reliable and valid for assessing anaerobic capacity.
Potential Anticarcinogenic Effects From Plasma of Older Adults After Exercise Training: An Exploratory Study
(2022-07-06) Peres, Alessandra; Branchini, Gisele; Marmett, Bruna; Nunes, Fernanda Bordignon; Romão, Pedro R.T.; Olean-Oliveira, Tiago [UNESP]; Minuzzi, Luciele [UNESP]; Cavalcante, Mateus; Elsner, Viviane; Lira, Fabio Santos [UNESP]; Dorneles, Gilson Pires; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre—UFCSPA; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of Coimbra; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Aim: To evaluate the impact of exercise training plasma on in vitro prostate cancer cell viability and proliferation. Methods: PC3 prostate cancer cells were incubated with plasma obtained from young men with high and low physical fitness (PF) (high PF, n = 5; low PF, n = 5) and with the plasma collected from institutionalized older adults (n = 8) before and after multimodal exercise training. Cell viability and proliferation, mitochondria membrane polarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis were evaluated after the cell treatment with plasma. Systemic cytokines were evaluated in the plasma of institutionalized older adults submitted to an exercise training protocol. Results: Plasma from high-PF men lowers both cell viability and proliferation after the incubation time. PC3 cells also presented lower cell viability and diminished rates of cell proliferation after the incubation with post-training plasma samples of the older adults. The incubation of PC3 cells with post-training plasma of older adults depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Post-training plasma did not change apoptosis or necrosis rates in the PC3 cell line. Multimodal exercise training increased the plasma levels of IL-2, IL-10, IFN-α, and FGF-1 and decreased TNF-α concentrations in institutionalized older adults. Conclusion: Adaptations in blood factors of institutionalized older adults may alter cell viability and proliferation by targeting mitochondrial ROS in a prostate cancer cell line.
Occupational Physical Activity Was Associated With Disability Levels at 6-Month Follow-Up of Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Prospective Cohort Study
(2022-06-01) Hisamatsu, Thalysi M. [UNESP]; Oliveira, Crystian B. [UNESP]; Lira, Fábio S. [UNESP]; Morelhão, Priscila K.; Azevedo, Bruna R. [UNESP]; Lemes, Ítalo R.; Franco, Márcia R.; Pinto, Rafael Z.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Centro Universitário UNA
Background: Physical activity plays an important role in the prognosis of chronic low back pain (LBP); however, whether physical activity predicts pain intensity and disability remains unknown. This study investigated whether objective and subjective physical activity measures predict pain intensity and disability levels 6 months later in patients with chronic LBP. Methods: Patients with chronic LBP seeking care at 2 outpatient physiotherapy clinics were recruited. At baseline assessment, we collected anthropometric/sociodemographic data, duration of symptoms, pain intensity, disability, and physical activity (accelerometer and questionnaire). After 6 months, we reassessed pain and disability. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to investigate the association of physical activity measures with pain and disability at follow-up. Results: A total of 179 patients with chronic LBP were included. High occupational physical activity at baseline predicted disability at 6-month follow-up (B = 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.21 to 2.21) after controlling for age and baseline disability, meaning that for every 1-point increase in occupational physical activity, disability increased on average by 1.22 point. The remaining physical activity measures showed no association with pain intensity or disability at follow-up. Conclusion: Higher perceived levels of occupational physical activity predicted higher disability levels at 6-month follow-up in patients with chronic LBP.
Consumption, nicotine dependence and motivation for smoke cessation during early stages of COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: A cross-sectional study
(2022-01-01) Freire, Ana P. C. F.; Medina, Bruna A. S.; Leite, Marceli R.; Lopes, Tainá O.; Santos, Ester T.; Ferreira, Milena M.; Silva, Bruna S.A. [UNESP]; Cavalcante, Margaret A.; Pacagnelli, Francis L.; Central Washington University; University of Western Presidente Prudente (UNOESTE); University of Western Guaruja (UNOESTE); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic may have changed smoking hafbits. For the smoking population, information regarding smoking hafbits and the pandemic could potentially aid COVID-19 prevention and control measures. Our study aimed to analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on tofbacco consumption, nicotine dependence levels, and motivation for smoking cessation. We also collected information from smokers regarding their awareness of the consequences of tofbacco use and the increased risks smokers have for severe complications from COVID-19. METHODS In the survey for this ofbservational cross-sectional study, 122 smokers responded to an online form. The participants provided general data afbout their smoking history, their smoking hafbits in the months of April and May 2020, and the effect of the pandemic on their smoking hafbits. They also completed a Fagerström test and were measured fby the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale. RESULTS When compared to pre-pandemic levels, the majority of smokers reported increased tofbacco consumption of fbetween 1 and 10 cigarettes per day (37.7%). Their motivation to quit smoking (59.8%) and desire to smoke (53.2%) were unchanged fby the pandemic. Most participants demonstrated an awareness of the increased risks smokers have for severe COVID-19-related complications (p<0.001). We identified the following correlations: cigarettes/day fbefore pandemic and motivation for smoking cessation (r=0.19; p=0.030), cigarettes/day and nicotine dependence level (r=0.61; p<0.001), and load consumption and nicotine dependence level (r=0.69; p<0.001). No significant correlations were ofbserved fbetween load consumption and motivation to quit (r=0.13; p=0.120). CONCLUSIONS Most smokers are well aware of their increased risks for severe COVID-19-related complications. In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, most smokers reported increased cigarette consumption. In addition, motivation to quit and desire to smoke were unchanged for the majority of smokers.
Adding Physical Activity Coaching and an Activity Monitor Was No More Effective Than Adding an Attention Control Intervention to Group Exercise for Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain (PAyBACK Trial): A Randomized Trial
(2022-05-01) Oliveira, Crystian B. [UNESP]; Christofaro, Diego G. D. [UNESP]; Maher, Chris G.; Franco, Márcia R.; Tiedemann, Anne; Silva, Fernanda G.; Damato, Tatiana M. [UNESP]; Nicholas, Michael K.; Pinto, Rafael Z.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of Western Sao Paulo (UNOESTE); The University of Sydney; Sydney Local Health District; Centro Universitario UNA; Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo; Royal North Shore Hospital; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether adding physical activity coaching and an activity monitor enhanced the effects of a group exercise program on pain intensity and disability for people with chronic nonspecific low back pain. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation, intention-to-treat analysis, and blinding of participants and assessors. METHODS: One hundred sixty participants with chronic nonspecific low back pain who were aged between 18 and 60 years and seeking care at an outpatient physiotherapy clinic participated. Both groups received supervised group exercise therapy. The intervention group also received physical activity coaching sessions aimed at improving physical activity, and physical activity electronic feedback delivered by an activity monitor. The attention control group received modified approaches of coaching sessions and an activity monitor. Disability was measured using the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (0-24), and pain intensity was measured using the 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (0-10). Linear mixed models were performed to test for differences between groups. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups for reductions in disability (mean difference [MD] = -0.5 out of 24 points; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.2, 1.1) and pain intensity (MD = -0.4 out of 10 points; 95% CI: -1.3, 0.5) at 3-month follow-up. There were no between-groups differences at 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments. CONCLUSION: Adding targeted physical activity coaching and an activity monitor did not reduce pain intensity or disability more than an attention control approach in participants with chronic low back pain who were undertaking a group exercise program.
Isotemporal Substitution of Sedentary Behavior by Different Physical Activity Intensities on Pain and Disability of Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study
(2022-01-01) Freire, Ana Paula Coelho Figueira; Oliveira, Crystian Bitencourt Soares de; Christofaro, Diego Giulliano Destro [UNESP]; Shumate, Sean; Marques, Larissa Bragança Falcão; Pinto, Rafael Zambelli; Central Washington University; Universidade do Oeste Paulista; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)
Objective: To investigate the association of isotemporal substitution modeling (ISM) of time spent in sedentary activities with physical activity in different intensities on pain and disability of patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). Design: Observational and cross-sectional study. Device-measured physical activity levels were assessed using an actigraph. Pain intensity was measured using the 11-point numeric rating scale, and disability was measured using the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. The ISM was used to estimate the theoretical substitution association of reallocating time from 1 exposure variable to an equal amount of time in another exposure variable while holding total activity time constant. Settings: Outpatient physical therapy clinic. Participants: This study included data from 358 patients (N=358) with chronic LBP aged between 18 and 60 years. Main Outcome Measures: Pain and disability. Results: Our results suggest that replacing 60 minutes of sedentary behavior with 60 minutes of vigorous activity in a week is significantly associated with a decrease in pain (β=−1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], −3.18 to −0.15). Additionally, replacing 60 minutes of light physical activity (β=−1.67; 95% CI, −3.18 to −0.16) or moderate activity (β=−1.67; 95% CI, −3.21 to −0.13) with the same amount of time of vigorous activity per week may also favorable reductions in pain. For the analysis of disability, no significant associations (P>.05) for disability in any of the isotemporal models were found. Conclusions: Our results showed that replacing 60 minutes of sedentary behavior with equal amounts of vigorous activity per week was associated with reductions in pain intensity. Similarly, replacing a light or moderate activities with vigorous activity was also associated with reductions in pain intensity. Finally, no significant associations were observed between time spent in sedentary activities with physical activity in different intensities for disability.
Comparação entre dois modelos de treinamento sobre o gasto energético de repouso e a composição corporal de adolescentes com obesidade
(2016-01-01) de Oliveira, Bruno Affonso Parenti; Rossi, Fabrício Eduardo [UNESP]; Buonani, Camila [UNESP]; Diniz, Tiego Aparecido [UNESP]; Monteiro, Paula Alves [UNESP]; Antunes, Bárbara de Mello [UNESP]; Fernandes, Rômulo Araújo [UNESP]; Freitas Júnior, Ismael Forte [UNESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Different types of physical activity programs have been used with the purpose of improving body composition and increasing resting energy expenditure (REE) in obese adolescents. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two training models on REE and body composition in this population. The study included 20 obese male adolescents, who were randomly assigned to follow two training models: strength training (n=8, age=13,4±1.0) and functional training (n=12, age= 13.0±1.1). Body composition variables were estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. REE was assessed by indirect calorimetry using the QUARK-PFT equipment (COSMED, Rome, Italy). The training protocol consisted of 30 minutes of aerobic training followed by 30 minutes of strength training (ST) or functional training (FT), both with a duration of 20 weeks. There were no significant differences between the two training models with regard to body composition (fat mass, FT= -7.6±5.5% vs. ST= -8.9±6.2%; p=0.620), (lean body mass, FT= 9.0±5.3% vs. ST= 6.8±6.7%; p=0.431) and to REE (FT= 19.6±15.3% vs. ST= 10.7±24.5%; p=0.331). Moreover, lean body mass (p=0.01) and fat mass (0.01) had an influence on REE. No differences were observed between the two training models, but both were effective in improving body composition and increasing REE in obese adolescents. Furthermore, the present study showed the importance of systematic physical training, since lean body mass and fat mass contributed to the increase in REE after the training period.
Dance practice modifies functional fitness, lipid profile, and self-image in postmenopausal women
(2021-07-19) Teixeira, Giovana Rampazzo [UNESP]; Veras, Allice Santos Cruz [UNESP]; Rocha, Ana Paula Rodrigues; Chedid, Sylvia Seidinger [UNESP]; Freitas Júnior, Ismael Forte [UNESP]; Neto, Raul Antônio Fragoso [UNESP]; Gobbo, Luis Alberto [UNESP]; Buonani, Camila [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of dance practice on body composition, metabolic profile, functional fitness, and self-image/self-esteem in postmenopausal women. METHODS: A total of 36 postmenopausal participants (mean age 57 years) danced three times per week for 90 minutes each day and were evaluated before and after 16 weeks. The parameters evaluated were body composition (body fat and lean mass), blood lipids, functional fitness, self-image, and self-esteem. RESULTS: Statistical analysis was done using Student t test for paired samples and the Wilcoxon test with P values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Lower triglycerides (baseline = 156.5 ± 17.0 mg/dL; after 16-weeks = 131.5 ± 12.9 mg/dL; P < 0.01), higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (baseline = 55.4 ± 15.9 mg/dL; after 16 weeks = 60.0 ± 15.4 mg/dL; P < 0.001), and higher total cholesterol (baseline = 199.5 ± 26.8 mg/dL; after 16 weeks = 211.8 ± 35.7 mg/dL; P < 0.01) levels were observed in postmenopausal women. Dance intervention improved coordination (baseline = 8.6 ± 2.6; after 16 weeks = 6.7 ± 1.6; P < 0.001), agility (baseline = 55.9 ± 8.8; after 16 weeks = 64.1 ± 8.3; P < 0.001), and aerobic capability (baseline = 446.8 ± 63.4; after 16 weeks = 377.4 ± 53.8; P < 0.001). Classification of general function fitness index (GFFI) was considered regular at baseline (GFFI of 200-299), but improved after 16 weeks of dance practice (GFFI of 300-399, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The 16-week dance intervention was effective in improving not only the lipid profile and functional fitness of postmenopausal women, but also self-image and self-esteem.
Sporting activity in the process of building human consciousness: the physical education teacher in schools as mediator of this process
(2016-07-02) Viotto Filho, Irineu Aliprando Tuim [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
As defined by cultural–historical theory (CHT), activity is a category that (1) generally orients human developmental processes and (2) specifically orients human consciousness. This research, which was carried out with students at an elementary school in Presidente Prudente, SP, involved two different sports (futsal and handball) and sought to create the conditions for the construction and development of the collective consciousness of the participants. This was done while maintaining an awareness of universal values such as solidarity and cooperation in the achievement of group goals. Data collection was carried out using systematic observations during activities oriented by members of the GEIPEEthc (the study group for Intervention and Research in Education and CHT) as part of a sports intervention project developed within a wider school programme. The data collected were analysed and organised from a socio-historical perspective, thus highlighting the transformation of the subjects’ consciousness, and emphasising collective activity and the valourisation of sports as important to the process of human development.
Type and Intensity as Key Variable of Exercise in Metainflammation Diseases: A Review
(2022-01-01) Figueiredo, Caique [UNESP]; Padilha, Camila S. [UNESP]; Dorneles, Gilson P.; Peres, Alessandra; Krüger, Karsten; Rosa-Neto, José Cesar; Lira, Fabio S. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; University of Giessen; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Monocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations exhibit functions that vary between the anti- and pro-inflammatory spectrum, such as classic CD16- and non-classical CD16+monocytes, as well as T helper 2 lymphocytes (Th2), the Th1/Th17 lymphocytes ratio, and T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg). Metabolic disease-associated inflammation is accompanied by an imbalance in monocyte and lymphocyte phenotypes and functionality, as well as a stronger proportion of inflammatory subpopulations. These changes appear to be important for the development and progression of diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the regular practice of physical exercise is an important tool to restore the functionality of monocytes and lymphocytes, and to balance the subtypes ratio. However, key variables regarding exercise prescription, such as the type of exercise, intensity, and volume differentially impact on the acute and chronic immune response in individuals diagnosed with meta-inflammation diseases. Here, we discuss the impact of different physical exercise protocols, acutely and chronically, on monocytes and lymphocytes of individuals with metabolic disease-associated inflammation. In this review, we focus on the best effects of different exercise protocols to dose the exercise pill in different inflammatory status.
Effects of Capsiate Supplementation on Maximal Voluntary Contraction in Healthy Men
(2021-01-01) Dos Santos Gomes, Willemax; De Freitas, Marcelo Conrado [UNESP]; Dutra, Yago Medeiros [UNESP]; Rossi, Fabrício; Estanislau, Thiago Barros; Gonçalves, Daniela Caetano; Campos, Eduardo Zapaterra; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal Do Piaui; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute capsaicin analog (Capsiate - CAP) supplementation on maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) performance in healthy young men. Thirteen subjects (25.2±3.2 yrs) participated in the present study. In two different days separated by one week, the subjects ingested capsiate (12 mg) or placebo (starch: 12 mg) 45 minutes before a MVIC test. The MVIC test consisted of five 10-second knee extension maximal isometric contractions with 45 seconds of recovery between efforts. The peak force, mean force, minimum force, fatigue index, and area under the curve of each contraction were calculated. Main condition effect was found, with higher values of peak force (+4.83%, F=6.867, p=0.02), fatigue index (+8.96%, F=5.228, p=0.041), and area under the curve (+4.19%, F=4.774, p=0.04) for CAP compared to placebo, however, no interaction effect was found for any variable (F=0.090 to 1.356, p≥0.276). In summary, healthy young men produced higher maximal isometric force and delayed fatigue in the CAP condition compared to placebo condition (condition effect) but without significant difference between each effort.
Post-exercise energy intake: do the intensity and mode of exercise matter? A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing high-intensity interval with moderate-intensity continuous protocols
(2021-01-01) Rossi, Priscila Almeida Queiroz [UNESP]; Panissa, Valéria Leme Gonçalves; Silveira, Rodrigo; Takito, Monica Yuri; Lima, Fernanda Santos; Rossi, Fabrício Eduardo; Franchini, Emerson; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Federal University of Piauí (UFPI)
The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the impact of exercise intensity and mode (high-intensity interval exercise-HIIE or sprint interval exercise-SIE versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise-MICE) on post-exercise ad libitum energy intake. The studies were required to have at least two exercise conditions (HIIE or SIE vs MICE). Overall, 642 manuscripts were initially identified and 17 met the eligibility criteria. The random effect meta-analysis did not reveal differences for absolute energy intake (28 pairwise comparisons) between HIIE (p = 0.54; 95% Confidence Interval – CI: −0.14 to 0.26; 22 pairwise comparisons) or SIE (p = 0.08; 95% CI −0.65 to 0.03; 6 pairwise comparisons) versus MICE, neither for relative energy intake (p = 0.97; 95% CI: −0.35 to 0.10 for HIIE; p = 0.28; 95% CI: −1.03 to 0.06 for SIE) with five and one pairwise comparisons, respectively. Subgroup analyses for methods to evaluate ad libitum energy intake, body mass, sex, volume, and timing of exercise were non-significant. Inspecting each study, two pairwise comparisons reported lower post-exercise absolute energy intake in HIIE compared to control (CRTL), and three pairwise comparisons reported lower absolute energy intake after SIE compared to MICE. None pairwise comparison reported differences between protocols (HIIE or SIE versus MICE) for relative energy intake. In conclusion, the meta-analysis did not show differences between protocols for absolute and relative energy intake; five pairwise comparisons from 28 demonstrated lower absolute energy intake in HIIE or SIE compared to CRTL or MICE. Further studies are needed to address the key relevant variables in which exercise intensity and mode may impact energy intake.
Resistance Training's Ability to Prevent Cancer-induced Muscle Atrophy Extends Anabolic Stimulus
(2021-08-01) Padilha, Camila S. [UNESP]; Cella, Paola S.; Chimin, Patrícia; Voltarelli, Fabrício A.; Marinello, Poliana C.; De Jesus Testa, Mayra Tardelli; Guirro, Philippe B.; Duarte, José A. R.; Cecchini, Rubens; Guarnier, Flávia A.; Deminice, Rafael; Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Sport
Purpose This study aimed to determine the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1) activation and catabolic markers in resistance training's (RT) antiatrophy effect during cachexia-induced muscle loss. Methods Myofiber atrophy was induced by injecting Walker 256 tumor cells into rats exposed or not exposed to the RT protocol of ladder climbing. The role of RT-induced anabolic stimulation was investigated in tumor-bearing rats with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, and cross-sectional areas of skeletal muscle were evaluated to identify atrophy or hypertrophy. Components of the mTORC1 and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction or immunoblotting. Results Although RT prevented myofiber atrophy and impaired the strength of tumor-bearing rats, in healthy rats, it promoted activated mTORC1, as demonstrated by p70S6K's increased phosphorylation and myofiber's enlarged cross-sectional area. However, RT promoted no changes in the ratio of p70S6K to phospho-p70S6K protein expression while prevented myofiber atrophy in tumor-bearing rats. Beyond that, treatment with rapamycin did not preclude RT's preventive effect on myofiber atrophy in tumor-bearing rats. Thus, RT's ability to prevent cancer-induced myofiber atrophy seems to be independent of mTORC1's and p70S6K's activation. Indeed, RT's preventive effect on cancer-induced myofiber atrophy was associated with its capacity to attenuate elevated tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin 6 as well as to prevent oxidative damage in muscles and an elevated abundance of atrogin-1. Conclusions By inducing attenuated myofiber atrophy independent of mTORC1's signaling activation, RT prevents muscle atrophy during cancer by reducing inflammation, oxidative damage, and atrogin-1 expression.
Are there differences between male and female badminton athletes in sleep, physical activity and sedentary time?
(2021-01-01) Santos, Arilene Maria da Silva; Ribeiro, Sérgio Luiz Galan; de Sousa Junior, Antônio Valdeci Marreiro; Machado, Dionis de Castro Dutra; Monteiro, Paula Alves [UNESP]; Moura, Pedro; Martins, Clarice Maria de Lucena; Freitas Junior, Ismael Forte [UNESP]; Dos Santos, Marcos Antônio Pereira; Rossi, Fabrício Eduardo; Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB); Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences
Introduction: High-performance athletes often undergo periods of exhaustive training and insufficient recovery, which can lead to decreased performance, but it is not clear whether there are any differences between the sexes in the level of habitual physical activity, sedentary time or sleep quantity and quality in young highly trained badminton athletes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the habitual physical activity (PA), sedentary time and sleep quantity and quality of highly trained young male and female badminton athletes and non-athletes. Methods: Twenty-seven young badminton athletes and twenty-one non-athletes (control group) were recruited. Sleep duration and quality (total time in bed, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency and latency), total counts, vigorous activity time and sedentary time were measured using a tri-axial accelerometer. Results: Male athletes spent less sedentary time (p=0.028), more time in vigorous activity (p=0.016) and had higher total counts (p<0.001) than the male control group. There were no significant differences in sedentary time (p=0.702) or vigorous activity time (p=0.205) between the female athletes and non-athletes, but the female athletes accumulated higher total counts than the female control group (p=0.003). There were no significant differences between the sexes or groups for time in bed, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset and latency (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Among males but not females, young highly trained badminton athletes had less sedentary time and more time in vigorous activity than the non-athletes, however, there were no significant differences between the sexes or groups in sleep quantity and quality. Level of evidence III; Case-control study.
Relações entre imagem corporal e perfil somatotípico em mulheres jovens
(2017-01-01) De Castro, Marcela Rodrigues; Morgado, Fabiane Frota Rocha; Paiva, Ana Clara De Souza [UNESP]; Magre, Fernanda Lopes [UNESP]; Christofaro, Diego Giulliano Destro [UNESP]; Freitas, Ismael Forte [UNESP]; Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA); Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
This study aimed to investigate associations among body dissatisfaction, behaviors, feelings, and beliefs related to the body - and somatotypical profile. The sample included 142 undergraduate female students (21.81 ± 3 years) who underwent to assessment of Body Mass Index and somatotype, according to the World Health Organization and Heath-Carter protocols, respectively. To assess body image the following instruments were applied: Body Shape Questionnaire, Body Attitudes Questionnaire, Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire, Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale, Self-Subject Silhouettes To the analysis data we proceeded to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA one-way). As the main result, we find that body dissatisfaction, body avoidance and negative attitudes about appearance components are linked to each other and they are influenced by body profiles with mesomorphic and endomorphic predominance. We conclude that the somatotype profile can be an important predictor of changes in body image and is indicated for tracking risk groups.

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