The inhibition of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase as a model for development of novel antimicrobials
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EPSP synthase (EPSPS) is an essential enzyme in the shikimate pathway, transferring the enolpyruvyl group of phosphoenolpyruvate to shikimate-3-phosphate to form 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate and inorganic phosphate. This enzyme is composed of two domains, which are formed by three copies of βαβαββ-folding units; in between there are two crossover chain segments hinging the nearly topologically symmetrical domains together and allowing conformational changes necessary for substrate conversion. The reaction is ordered with shikimate-3-phosphate binding first, followed by phosphoenolpyruvate, and then by the subsequent release of phosphate and EPSP. N-[phosphomethyl]glycine (glyphosate) is the commercial inhibitor of this enzyme. Apparently, the binding of shikimate-3-phosphate is necessary for glyphosate binding, since it induces the closure of the two domains to form the active site in the interdomain cleft. However, it is somehow controversial whether binding of shikimate-3-phosphate alone is enough to induce the complete conversion to the closed state. The phosphoenolpyruvate binding site seems to be located mainly on the C-terminal domain, while the binding site of shikimate-3-phosphate is located primarily in the N-terminal domain residues. However, recent results demonstrate that the active site of the enzyme undergoes structural changes upon inhibitor binding on a scale that cannot be predicted by conventional computational methods. Studies of molecular docking based on the interaction of known EPSPS structures with (R)- phosphonate TI analogue reveal that more experimental data on the structure and dynamics of various EPSPS-ligand complexes are needed to more effectively apply structure-based drug design of this enzyme in the future. © 2007 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
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Active site, Domain, Enzyme catalysis, Enzyme kinetics, EPSP synthase, Glyphosate, Inhibitor, Structural determination, 3 phosphoshikimate 1 carboxyvinyltransferase, 3 phosphoshikimate 1 carboxyvinyltransferase inhibitor, antifungal agent, antiinfective agent, antiparasitic agent, fosfomycin, glyphosate, shikimic acid, unclassified drug, amino terminal sequence, bacterial gene, bacterial strain, carboxy terminal sequence, catalysis, drug design, drug mechanism, drug research, drug structure, drug synthesis, drug targeting, enzyme active site, enzyme activity, enzyme analysis, enzyme binding, enzyme inhibition, enzyme mechanism, enzyme modification, enzyme structure, gene structure, genetic code, human, minimum inhibitory concentration, molecular docking, nonhuman, opportunistic infection, parasitosis, protein domain, protein targeting, review, site directed mutagenesis, structure activity relation, structure analysis, 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase, Animals, Anti-Infective Agents, Drugs, Investigational, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Models, Chemical
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Inglês
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Current Drug Targets, v. 8, n. 3, p. 445-457, 2007.
