Alterações dos atributos químicos do solo e resposta da soja à cobertura vegetal e à calagem superficial na implantação do sistema de semeadura direta
Data
2001-04
Autores
Lima, Eduardo do Valle [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Estudaram-se as alterações dos atributos químicos no perfil do solo e a resposta da soja safrinha em função de diferentes coberturas vegetais, com e sem calagem superficial, na implantação do sistema de semeadura direta (SSD). O experimento foi conduzido no ano agrícola de 1999/2000, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Campus de Botucatu/UNESP, em NITOSSOLO VERMELHO Estruturado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em parcela subdividida, com quatro repetições. As parcelas de 6 m x 10 m, foram constituídas de sorgo de Guiné vermelho e branco (Sorghum bicolor), milheto (Pennisetum americanum), painço (Panicum dichotomiflorum), vegetação espontânea e sem vegetação. Aos 53 dias após a emergência (DAE), as coberturas vegetais foram dessecadas e acamadas, seguindo-se a aplicação superficial de 3,1 t ha-1 de calcário na metade de cada parcela, visando a elevação da saturação por bases (V%) a 70%. Após duas semana, realizou-se a semeadura direta da soja, cv. IAC-19, no início do período de outono-inverno (safrinha). Para as coberturas vegetais, foram avaliadas a produção de matéria seca (M.S.), os teores e extração (acúmulo) de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) da parte aérea. Enquanto que, para a soja, determinaram-se a sua produção de M.S., a diagnose foliar de macro e micronutrientes (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe e B), o estande final, a altura de inserção da primeira vagem, a altura de planta, o número total de vagens e vagens chochas por planta, o número de grãos por vagem total, a massa de 100 grãos e a produtividade. Com relação ao solo, 5 meses após a calagem, determinaram-se o pH (CaCl2), a acidez potencial (H+Al), os teores de Ca, Mg e K trocáveis, a saturação por bases (V%), a soma de bases (SB), a capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC) a pH 7,0, os... .
Modifications of chemical characteristics of a soil profile, and soybean response to different covering crops, with and without surface liming, at direct sowing system establishment were studied. The experiment was carried out in 1999/2000, in the experimental farm of São Paulo State University, Campus of Botucatu, in a Red Nitosol (Alfisol). The experimental design was a split plot with four replications. Plots of 60 m2 consisted of soil covering with red guinea sorghum, white guinea sorghum (Sorghum guineense), millet (Penninsetum americanum), millet pearl (Panicum dichotomiflorum), spontaneous vegetation and no vegetation as a control. Fifty three days after emergency desiccated and cut down. Half of the main plot was limed with 3,1 t ha-1, of lime with the purpose to reach bases saturation (V%) of 70%. A week later at the beginning of autumnwinter season, the soybean cv IAC-19 was sown. Vegetal coverings were evaluated for dry matter production and macronutrient levels (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S). The soybean dry matter production was evaluated for macro and micronutrient (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, B) contents and final stand, first pod height, plant height, pods per plant, empty pods per plant, grains per pod, 100 grains weight and productivity were also recorded. Regarding soil characteristics, after five month, pH CaCl2, potential acidity (H+Al), Ca, Mg, K, V%, SB, CTC, M.O. and P were evaluated at 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 cm depth. Millet was the most indicated species for soil covering for a short development period due to its great dry matter production and nutrient accumulation. The vegetal covering and surface liming did not affect soybean dry matter production, leaf nutrient contents, agronomic characteristics, yield component and grain yield. Surface liming was efficient for surface and subsoil acidity correction in the presence or absence of vegetal soil covering. It is possible to establish a direct sowing system without previous lime incorporation.
Modifications of chemical characteristics of a soil profile, and soybean response to different covering crops, with and without surface liming, at direct sowing system establishment were studied. The experiment was carried out in 1999/2000, in the experimental farm of São Paulo State University, Campus of Botucatu, in a Red Nitosol (Alfisol). The experimental design was a split plot with four replications. Plots of 60 m2 consisted of soil covering with red guinea sorghum, white guinea sorghum (Sorghum guineense), millet (Penninsetum americanum), millet pearl (Panicum dichotomiflorum), spontaneous vegetation and no vegetation as a control. Fifty three days after emergency desiccated and cut down. Half of the main plot was limed with 3,1 t ha-1, of lime with the purpose to reach bases saturation (V%) of 70%. A week later at the beginning of autumnwinter season, the soybean cv IAC-19 was sown. Vegetal coverings were evaluated for dry matter production and macronutrient levels (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S). The soybean dry matter production was evaluated for macro and micronutrient (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, B) contents and final stand, first pod height, plant height, pods per plant, empty pods per plant, grains per pod, 100 grains weight and productivity were also recorded. Regarding soil characteristics, after five month, pH CaCl2, potential acidity (H+Al), Ca, Mg, K, V%, SB, CTC, M.O. and P were evaluated at 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 cm depth. Millet was the most indicated species for soil covering for a short development period due to its great dry matter production and nutrient accumulation. The vegetal covering and surface liming did not affect soybean dry matter production, leaf nutrient contents, agronomic characteristics, yield component and grain yield. Surface liming was efficient for surface and subsoil acidity correction in the presence or absence of vegetal soil covering. It is possible to establish a direct sowing system without previous lime incorporation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Soja - Nutrição, Solos - Fertilidade, Solos - Acidez, Cobertura morta, Calagem dos solos, Plantio direto
Como citar
LIMA, Eduardo do Valle. Alterações dos atributos químicos do solo e resposta da soja à cobertura vegetal e à calagem superficial na implantação do sistema de semeadura direta. 2001. x, 125 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2001.