Análise termodinâmica e termoeconômica do aproveitamento do gás natural em sistemas de cogeração de energia de usinas de açúcar e álcool
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Data
2010-01-29
Autores
Saran, David José [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste trabalho são realizados estudos termodinâmicos e termoeconômicos visando o aproveitamento do gás natural como combustível em usinas de açúcar e álcool. Para tanto são considerados quatro casos, sendo o primeiro uma planta de uma usina sucroalcooleira real que utiliza equipamentos modernos e eficientes, e que comercializa o excedente de eletricidade na safra. O segundo é um caso hipotético no qual é incorporada à planta real da usina uma turbina a gás e uma caldeira de recuperação, passando a planta a operar em ciclo combinado na entressafra utilizando como combustível o gás natural, com o intuito de possibilitar a comercialização de eletricidade ao longo de todo o ano. O terceiro caso considera a proposta de uma planta com grande capacidade de moagem (duas vezes mais do que a da usina real considerada no primeiro caso), que opere de forma convencional com geração de excedente de eletricidade para comercialização apenas na safra, com o diferencial de ser constituída por duas linhas independentes de produção, consumo de vapor e geração de eletricidade, flexibilizando a produção e manutenção. Finalmente, o quarto caso considera o aproveitamento do gás natural como combustível associado ao bagaço da cana, através da incorporação de uma turbina a gás e uma caldeira de recuperação na planta do terceiro caso, permitindo também a comercialização de eletricidade na entressafra. Diante dos resultados obtidos, foi constatado que só existe a viabilidade para o uso do gás natural no quarto caso, e mesmo assim em condições especiais nas quais se considera custos do bagaço e do gás natural abaixo dos praticados no mercado, bem como uma remuneração para a venda de eletricidade excedente acima do preço atual de mercado
In this work thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analyses for the use of natural gas as fuel in sugar-alcohol factories will be accomplished. In order to make these analyses, four cases are considered, being the first case constituted by a real sugar-alcohol factory that uses modern and efficient equipments, and sells surplus of electricity during the harvest. The second case is a hypothetical case that incorporates to the real plant of the previous case a gas turbine and a heat recovery steam generator, making possible the operation with natural gas in combined cycle at the time between harvests, with the intention of making possible the commercialization of electricity along the entire year. The third case considers the proposal of a plant with great milling capacity (twice more than of the real plant considered previously), operating in a conventional way with generation of electricity surplus for commercialization in the harvest, with the differential of being constituted by two independent lines of production and steam consumption and generation of electricity, becoming more flexible the production and maintenance. Finally, the fourth case considers the use of the natural gas as fuel associated to the sugar cane bagasse, through the incorporation of a gas turbine and a heat recovery steam generator in the plant of the previous case, also allowing the electricity commercialization at the time between harvests. In agreement with the obtained results, it was verified that there is viability for the natural gas use only in the fourth case, even though in special conditions in which the costs of the sugar cane bagasse and natural gas are considered below of the current price of the market, as well as the remuneration for the sale of electricity surplus is considered above of the current price of market
In this work thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analyses for the use of natural gas as fuel in sugar-alcohol factories will be accomplished. In order to make these analyses, four cases are considered, being the first case constituted by a real sugar-alcohol factory that uses modern and efficient equipments, and sells surplus of electricity during the harvest. The second case is a hypothetical case that incorporates to the real plant of the previous case a gas turbine and a heat recovery steam generator, making possible the operation with natural gas in combined cycle at the time between harvests, with the intention of making possible the commercialization of electricity along the entire year. The third case considers the proposal of a plant with great milling capacity (twice more than of the real plant considered previously), operating in a conventional way with generation of electricity surplus for commercialization in the harvest, with the differential of being constituted by two independent lines of production and steam consumption and generation of electricity, becoming more flexible the production and maintenance. Finally, the fourth case considers the use of the natural gas as fuel associated to the sugar cane bagasse, through the incorporation of a gas turbine and a heat recovery steam generator in the plant of the previous case, also allowing the electricity commercialization at the time between harvests. In agreement with the obtained results, it was verified that there is viability for the natural gas use only in the fourth case, even though in special conditions in which the costs of the sugar cane bagasse and natural gas are considered below of the current price of the market, as well as the remuneration for the sale of electricity surplus is considered above of the current price of market
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Açucar - Usinas, Energia eletrica e calor - Cogeração, Bagaço de cana, Gas natural, Sugar cane factory, Cogeneration, Bagasse, Natural gas
Como citar
SARAN, David José. Análise termodinâmica e termoeconômica do aproveitamento do gás natural em sistemas de cogeração de energia de usinas de açúcar e álcool. 2010. 121 f. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2010.