A natureza nos livros didáticos de história: uma investigação a partir do PNLD
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Data
2008-09-01
Autores
Crupi, Maria Cristina [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho tem como objetivos investigar as concepções de natureza presentes em doze coleções didáticas da disciplina de História, destinadas aos dois últimos ciclos do ensino fundamental - 5ª a 8ª séries (6º ao 9º ano) das escolas públicas brasileiras e problematizar se a relação sociedade-natureza é abordada nesses livros didáticos como uma questão política. Assumimos como referencial teórico que a educação ambiental deve ser entendida como educação e educação crítica voltada para cidadania, e que o saber histórico construído na escola deve propiciar a “desnaturalização” tanto da concepção de natureza, quanto da relação sociedadenatureza, contribuindo para a compreensão da crise contemporânea como crise socioambiental, e não somente como uma crise ecológica. Configurando-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa, a coleta e análise dos dados, foi baseada na análise de conteúdo, constatando-se, a partir dela, a predominância da concepção de natureza utilitarista, a qual ocorre de forma hegemônica em todas as coleções. As concepções naturalista, científica, religiosa, normativa, romântica, imaginária e natureza como “bem comum”, também foram observadas nas coleções, sendo a última a menos presente no conjunto dos livros didáticos. A pesquisa evidenciou também que o enfoque da relação sociedade-natureza como questão política é incipiente nas coleções didáticas e que, entre as doze coleções analisadas, somente uma apresenta uma abordagem aprofundada da questão. Os resultados do trabalho apontam que a crise socioambiental contemporânea, embora se constitua como grave problema no tempo presente, pouco tem influenciado na seleção e no tratamento dos conteúdos a respeito da relação sociedade-natureza nos livros didáticos de História. E, este é um dado preocupante, tendo em vista o agravamento dos...
This study investigates the conceptions of nature in twelve didactic collections in the discipline of History, for the last cycles of the fundamental education – 5th to 8th series (6th to 9th year) of Brazilian public school, and evaluate if the relationship society-nature is approached as a political question in those books. As theoretical background we took for granted that environmental education must be understood as education and critical education directed towards citizienship, and that historical knowledge built at school must allow the “denaturalization” in both conceptions, of nature as well as in the relationship society-nature, contributing to the understanding of contemporary crisis as a socioenvironmental crisis, and not just as an ecological crisis. Characterized as a qualitative research, the data collection and treatment were based on the content analysis, and revealed the overcoming concept of utilitarian view of nature, predominant in all collections. The conception of naturalistic, scientific, religious, normative, romantic, imaginary, and nature as a “common wealth” was also reported in the collections, but the later conception is less mentioned among the didactic books. The research has also evidenced that the focus on the relationship society-nature as a political issue is incipient in didactic collections, and all of the twelve collections but one have deeply dealt with that question. The results of the study has shown that the contemporary socioenvironmental crisis, although constitute a serious present problem, has little influence on the selection and elaboration of the contents on the relationship society-nature in textbooks of History. That is a data to worry about taking into acoount the worsening of socioenvironmental problems, and the importance and influence of textbooks in basic education and the continuous update of teachers, that can not be neglected.
This study investigates the conceptions of nature in twelve didactic collections in the discipline of History, for the last cycles of the fundamental education – 5th to 8th series (6th to 9th year) of Brazilian public school, and evaluate if the relationship society-nature is approached as a political question in those books. As theoretical background we took for granted that environmental education must be understood as education and critical education directed towards citizienship, and that historical knowledge built at school must allow the “denaturalization” in both conceptions, of nature as well as in the relationship society-nature, contributing to the understanding of contemporary crisis as a socioenvironmental crisis, and not just as an ecological crisis. Characterized as a qualitative research, the data collection and treatment were based on the content analysis, and revealed the overcoming concept of utilitarian view of nature, predominant in all collections. The conception of naturalistic, scientific, religious, normative, romantic, imaginary, and nature as a “common wealth” was also reported in the collections, but the later conception is less mentioned among the didactic books. The research has also evidenced that the focus on the relationship society-nature as a political issue is incipient in didactic collections, and all of the twelve collections but one have deeply dealt with that question. The results of the study has shown that the contemporary socioenvironmental crisis, although constitute a serious present problem, has little influence on the selection and elaboration of the contents on the relationship society-nature in textbooks of History. That is a data to worry about taking into acoount the worsening of socioenvironmental problems, and the importance and influence of textbooks in basic education and the continuous update of teachers, that can not be neglected.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Educação ambiental, Historia - Estudo e ensino, Livro didático, Environmental education
Como citar
CRUPI, Maria Cristina. A natureza nos livros didáticos de história: uma investigação a partir do PNLD. 2008. 119 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2008.