Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) em solo: validação de método e avaliação da influência da queima de cana-de -açúcar na região de Araraquara
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Data
2009-10-06
Autores
Fujita, Claudia Kazumi [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos, HPAs, também usualmente denominados “poliaromáticos” são compostos que possuem dois ou mais anéis aromáticos condensados em sua estrutura. Essas substâncias constituem um grupo de micro poluentes e encontram-se amplamente distribuídas no ambiente, podendo ser detectadas no solo, principalmente devido aos processos de deposição atmosférica. A interação dos HPAs com o solo ocorre através da matéria orgânica aderida às partículas do solo, e essa interação será maior quanto maior for à superfície de contato. A importância ambiental da presença de HPAs em solo pode ser avaliada segundo duas perspectivas: a de impacto à biota do solo (micro e macroorganismos) e a potencial contaminação de água superficial pelo carreamento de partículas do solo pela chuva, ou processos de irrigação, até os mananciais. Atualmente, diversos órgãos ambientais, tanto de âmbito nacional quanto internacional, reconhecem os perigos em potencial da presença dos “poliaromáticos” distribuídos no ambiente, devido às características toxicológicas destes compostos e por serem altamente recalcitrantes. No Brasil uma das fontes mais importantes de HPAs, em algumas regiões de baixa circulação de veículos, é a queima da cana-de- açúcar. Esta cultura está presente em mais de 70% da área agricultável do Estado de São Paulo e, portanto a abrangência do impacto da queimada de cana-de-açúcar é considerável, sendo de grande importância o monitoramento dessas substâncias. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido um método para a análise de HPAs em solo, que inclui a dispersão em fase sólida com alumina seguida da eluição com hexano:acetona (1:1) (v:v) e cleanup adicional com Na2SO4:sílica gel:alumina (1:1:2) (m:m). O extrato obtido foi analisado por HPLC/Fluorescência. O desempenho deste método foi avaliado utilizando-se amostras...
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, also usually called “polyaromatics” are compounds that possess two or more condensed aromatical rings in its structure. These substances constitute a group of micro polluntants and meet widely distributed in the environment, being able to be detected in the soil, mainly due to processes of atmospheric deposition. The interaction of the PAHs with the soil occurs through the organic substance adhered to particles of the soil, and this interaction will be bigger how much bigger it will be to the faying surface. The ambient importance of the presence of PAHs in soil can be evaluated according to two perspectives: of impact to biota of the soil (micro and macroorganisms) and the potential superficial water contamination for the particle carry of the soil through rain, or processes of irrigation, until the sources. Currently, several environmental agencies, both nationally and internationally, recognize the dangerous potential of the presence of the “polyaromatics” distributed in the environment, due toxicological characteristics of these composites and for being highly recalcitrant. In Brazil one of the sources most important of PAHs, in some regions of low circulation of vehicles, it is the burning of the sugar cane. This culture is present in more than 70% of the arable land of the state of São Paulo and, therefore the extent of the impact of the sugar cane burning, is considerable, being of great importance the monitoring of these substances. In this work, was developed a method for the analysis of HPAs in soil, including solid-phase dispersion with alumina followed by elution with hexane:acetone (1:1) (v:v) and additional cleanup with Na2SO4:silica gel:alumina (1: 1: 2) (m:m). The extract was analyzed by HPLC/Fluorescence detection. The performance of this method was evaluated using ground samples ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, also usually called “polyaromatics” are compounds that possess two or more condensed aromatical rings in its structure. These substances constitute a group of micro polluntants and meet widely distributed in the environment, being able to be detected in the soil, mainly due to processes of atmospheric deposition. The interaction of the PAHs with the soil occurs through the organic substance adhered to particles of the soil, and this interaction will be bigger how much bigger it will be to the faying surface. The ambient importance of the presence of PAHs in soil can be evaluated according to two perspectives: of impact to biota of the soil (micro and macroorganisms) and the potential superficial water contamination for the particle carry of the soil through rain, or processes of irrigation, until the sources. Currently, several environmental agencies, both nationally and internationally, recognize the dangerous potential of the presence of the “polyaromatics” distributed in the environment, due toxicological characteristics of these composites and for being highly recalcitrant. In Brazil one of the sources most important of PAHs, in some regions of low circulation of vehicles, it is the burning of the sugar cane. This culture is present in more than 70% of the arable land of the state of São Paulo and, therefore the extent of the impact of the sugar cane burning, is considerable, being of great importance the monitoring of these substances. In this work, was developed a method for the analysis of HPAs in soil, including solid-phase dispersion with alumina followed by elution with hexane:acetone (1:1) (v:v) and additional cleanup with Na2SO4:silica gel:alumina (1: 1: 2) (m:m). The extract was analyzed by HPLC/Fluorescence detection. The performance of this method was evaluated using ground samples ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Quimica analitica, Matéria orgânica, Solos, Cana-de-açúcar, Analytical chemistry, Soil, Sugar cane
Como citar
FUJITA, Claudia Kazumi. Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) em solo: validação de método e avaliação da influência da queima de cana-de -açúcar na região de Araraquara. 2009. xxv, 154 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, 2009.